Structural properties and surface morphology of laser-deposited amorphous carbon and carbon nitride films

Riedo, Elisa; Comin, F.; Chevrier, J.; Schmithüsen, Frank; Decossas, S.; Sancrotti, M.

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(99)00591-5

Cited by 125 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Firstly, from the electron energy loss spectra of our samples [6,7] we expect the same electronic behavior from CN x ®lms and DLC ®lms rich of sp 3 hybridization, instead a dierent behavior is expected from DLC ®lms poor of sp 3 hybridization. Secondly the DLC and CN x ®lms are insulating materials, while graphite has a quasi-metallic character.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Amorphous carbon thin ®lms were grown by pulsed laser deposition in an ultra high vacuum chamber at the base pressure of p 10 À9 Torr with laser¯uences in the range I L 1±12 J/cm 2 , as described elsewhere [6,7]. In a previous study [6] we have characterized these ®lms by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy revealing an increasing fraction of sp 3 hybridization with increasing laser¯uence (34% at I L 1 J/cm 3 to 53% at I L 12 J/cm 2 ). The CN x ®lms were grown in a nitrogen atmosphere of 100 m Torr yielding an atomic nitrogen content in the range 0:2 < x < 0:3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanotribology of carbon based thin films: the influence of film structure and surface morphology

Chevrier¹,

Comin²,

Brune³

2001

Surface Science

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The tribological behavior of carbon based thin ®lms is strongly in¯uenced by their chemical composition, polycrystalline structure and surface morphology. We present friction measurements on laser deposited amorphous carbon and carbon nitride (CN x ) thin ®lms using atomic force microscopy. We studied the friction behavior of these ®lms in relation with their structure and surface morphology resulting from the applied deposition parameters. We found high nanoscopic friction for amorphous carbon thin ®lms, medium friction for CN x and very low friction for graphite. Finally we discuss our ®ndings in terms of the microscopic mechanisms of energy dissipation underlying the observed friction behavior. Ó

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotribology of carbon based thin films: the influence of film structure and surface morphology

Chevrier¹,

Comin²,

Brune³

2001

Surface Science

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“…In the case of the DLC film, the peak appearing at 284.6 eV corresponds to the sp 2 contribution characteristic of DLC [20,21], while that at 285.5 eV corresponds to the sp 3 contribution [20,21]. In the present case, the peak at 287.1 eV does not necessarily correspond to a different chemical species rather, more likely, it accounts for the high binding energy side asymmetry, which is known to exist in the sp 2 contribution [20,21]. Finally, the peak at 288.6 eV corresponds to the presence of C-O bonds.…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the wide-scan spectra have shown that nitrogen was incorporated into the DLC films, the contributions at 284.6 eV, 285.5 eV, 287.1 eV and 288.6 eV present in the spectra of the treated samples can also be associated with the presence of C-C, C=N, C-N or C≡N and C-O bonds, respectively [21]. We must take into account, however, that…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon films using open-air dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric plasma treatments

Endrino

Marco

Allen

et al. 2008

Applied Surface Science

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A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) technique has been employed to produce uniform atmospheric plasmas of He and N 2 gas mixtures in open air in order to functionalize the surface of filtered-arc deposited hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon (DLC) films. XPS measurements were carried out on both untreated and He/N 2 DBD plasma treated DLC surfaces. Chemical states of the C 1s and N 1s peaks were collected and used to characterize the surface bonds. Contact angle measurements were also used to record the short-and long-term variations in wettability of treated and untreated DLC.In addition, cell viability tests were performed to determine the influence of various He/N 2 atmospheric plasma treatments on the attachment of osteoblast MC3T3 cells.Current evidence shows the feasibility of atmospheric plasmas in producing long-lasting variations in the surface bonding and surface energy of hydrogen-free DLC and consequently the potential for this technique in the functionalization of DLC coated devices. IntroductionIn a recent study it was shown that the nanoscale wettability of a hydrogenterminated diamond surface was lower than that of regions that had been oxidized using an atomic force microscope tip [1]. The difference in wettability between modified diamond surfaces suggests the application of control wettability of modified carbon surfaces in the fields of medicine and biotechnology, which could also be extended to diamond-like carbon films.Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are known to be hard, low friction and chemically inert materials. Numerous in-vitro and in-vivo experiments have indicated that DLC can have both excellent biocompatibility and hemocompatibility [2][3][4][5]. In the past, the wettability of DLC coatings has been modified by selective doping using both metal and non-metal dopants [6][7][8]. For instance, both silicon and fluorine can be used to increase the surface energy and reduce the contact angle with water. In one study [6], researchers modified the surface energy of DLC by incorporating oxygen and silicon into the bonding network, thus avoiding the use of harmful fluorine-containing hydrocarbon gases. However, the silicon-containing DLC coatings had 20 times lower wear resistance than undoped DLC films. In other recent study [9], phosphorus-doped DLC films were deposited by applying hybrid plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) techniques; the good wettability exhibited by P-doped DLC samples leads to an increase in hemocompatibility. However, in this study the mechanical properties of the modified films were not analyzed. In a different study [5], substrates with various substrate roughness were employed to investigate the attachment of human osteoblast cells to amorphous carbon films with different surface textures. This study concluded that cell attachment increased monotonically with surface roughness. However, smooth surfaces are critical in the vast majority of biomedical applications and topological functionalization of the surface cannot be seen as a wide-rang...

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“…Both carbon allotropes were synthesized by several PVD deposition techniques, such as radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) [40], [41], direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) [42], [36], [43], [21], high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) [21], [38], pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [44], [10], filtered pulsed cathodic arc deposition [10], [45] and ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) [46]. have thoroughly studied the bonding of N within C matrix in a-CN x , concluding that N incorporation promotes sp 2 hybridization states.…”

Section: Carbon Nitride (Cn X ) Coatings Grown With Pvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Friction and Wear Resistant Carbon Nitride Thin Films for Rolling Components Grown by Magnetron Sputtering

Bakoglidis¹

2015

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The scope of this licentiate thesis is the investigation of carbon based thin films suitable for rolling components, especially roller bearings. Carbon and carbon nitride are materials with advantageous tribological properties and high resiliency.Such materials are required in order to withstand the demanding conditions of bearing operation, such as high loads and corrosive environments. A fundamental condition for coated bearings is that the deposition temperature must be striktly limited. Thus, carbon nitride (CN x ) thin films were synthesized here at low temperature of 150 o C by different reactive magnetron sputtering techniques, which are mid-frequency magnetron sputtering (MFMS), direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS), and high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). While DCMS is a very well studied technique for carbon based films, MFMS and HiPIMS are relatively new sputtering techniques for carbon, and especially CN x depositions. Using different magnetron sputtering techniques, different ionization conditions prevail in the chamber during each process and influence the obtained film properties at a great extent. It was found that bias duty cycles and the amount of working gas ions are key parameters and affect the morphology and microstructure as well as the mechanical response of the films. Moreover, different bias voltages, from 20 V up to 120 V were applied during the processes in order to investigate the changes that the different ion energies induce in the film structure.The structural, mechanical and tribological properties of CN x films are also presented in this licentiate thesis. The morphology of CN x films strongly depends on both the deposition technique and ion energy. The special configuration of MFMS mode produces highly homogeneous and dense films even from low applied bias voltages, while in HiPIMS mode high bias voltages above 100 V must be applied in order to produce films with similar structural characteristics. DCMS is also proven as a good technique for homogeneous and dense films. Low bias voltages do not favor The tribological characteristics of the surface of the films were also investigated at nanoscale by a new reciprocal wear test. In this wear test, the recording of the track profile is performed in between consecutive test cycles, eliminating also thermal drift.The very low wear of the films deposited by MFMS at 100 V and 120 V revealed that during the wear test a phase transformation on the surface may take place, possibly graphitization. It is also demonstrated the way that the surface characteristics, such as asperities and roughness affects the tribological measurements. Attention is also turned to the presence of large asperities on the film surface and the way they affect the obtained average friction coefficient and tribological measured data.

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Structural properties and surface morphology of laser-deposited amorphous carbon and carbon nitride films

Cited by 125 publications

References 6 publications

Nanotribology of carbon based thin films: the influence of film structure and surface morphology

Nanotribology of carbon based thin films: the influence of film structure and surface morphology

Functionalization of hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon films using open-air dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric plasma treatments

Low Friction and Wear Resistant Carbon Nitride Thin Films for Rolling Components Grown by Magnetron Sputtering

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