The question whether small or large organizations are associated with the best public service performance has long been a subject of debate in public administration research, and has had profound ramifications for practice. This article seeks to bring clarity to this debate by conducting a meta-analysis of studies scrutinizing the relationship between organizational size and public service performance (45 articles, 122 effect sizes). Meta-analytical and metaregression results show mostly null findings. We discuss the circumstances in which organizational size matters for public service performance, and propose rekindling venerable research agendas about nonlinearity and contingency in the size-performance relationship.