“…Crystal structures showed that the conformation of helix 12 is different when bound to a corepressor (SMRT) (H. E. Xu et al, 2002) versus a coactivator (e.g., SRC1) (Nolte et al, 1998). Surprisingly, crystal structures of PPARγ bound to full agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists are remarkably similar (Kaupang, Laitinen, Poso, & Hansen, 2017). In contrast, solution state methods, including protein and fluorine NMR, simulation, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), and fluorescence anisotropy demonstrate that ligands have dramatic and varied effects on the structural state of PPAR (J.…”