“…The controller designed in this paper is a robust adaptive sliding-mode fault-tolerant controller, where the issue of robustness (Lou et al , 2020; Yazicioglu et al , 2020) is closely related to the relative stability of the control system (Shafiei and Shenton, 1999; Gostev and Kunakh, 2006) (a performance index characterizing the stability threshold of the control system in the frequency domain) and the invariance principle (Lee and Jhi, 1999; Zhou et al , 2009) (a theory in automatic control theory that studies the effect of stifling and eliminating disturbances on the control system), which, in a broad sense, refers to the survival stability of the system (Liu and Zhong, 2020; Steinberger and Horn, 2021), and the stability of the system is a fundamental prerequisite. Robust adaptive control (Wang et al , 2019a; Sachan and Padhi, 2019) is an important nonlinear control technique, the traditional feedback control system for the system internal characteristics of the change or external disturbance although also has a certain suppression ability because the controller parameters are fixed, when the internal characteristics of the system changes or external disturbance are very large, the stability of the system cannot be guaranteed, the control algorithm has a certain self-adaptation ability, which can continuously identify and adjust the system parameters according to the input and output data of the system, and make the model of the system closer and closer to the actual situation through online identification and estimation of parameters, and with the continuous improvement of the model, the control inputs acting on the system also change accordingly, which reflects the learning ability of the control algorithm.…”