Structural signature of trauma: white matter volume in right inferior frontal gyrus is positively associated with use of expressive suppression in recently traumatized individuals

Wermuth, Katharina; Ülsmann, Dominik; Borngräber, Janine; Gallinat, Jürgen; Schulte‐Herbrüggen, Olaf; Kühn, Simone

doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1837512

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

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“…Worse neuropsychological performance on response inhibition was related to reduced functional connectivity between mPFC and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and IFG regions in veterans with PTSD, suggesting potential widespread dysregulation across both cognitive and emotional processing in PTSD patients that includes dysfunction in the IFG region (Clausen et al, 2017 ). Additionally, a study comparing individuals with recent trauma exposure to non-trauma controls found increased white matter volume near rIFG, potentially reflecting the response to pre-trauma inhibitory control deficits (Wermuth et al, 2021 ). Evidence of increased rIFG-parahippocampal connectivity in PTSD patients compared to no-PTSD controls during a memory suppression task suggests the potential for a compensatory mechanism in PTSD trying to gain inhibitory input in the memory retrieval process (Steward, Das, Malhi, Bryant, & Felmingham, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right inferior frontal gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal activation during response inhibition is implicated in the development of PTSD symptoms

Powers

Stevens

Pas

et al. 2022

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background Inhibition is a critical executive control process and an established neurobiological phenotype of PTSD, yet to our knowledge, no prospective studies have examined this using a contextual cue task that enables measurement of behavioural response and neural activation patterns across proactive and reactive inhibition. Objective The current longitudinal study utilised functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine whether deficits in proactive and reactive inhibition predicted PTSD symptoms six months after trauma. Method Twenty-three (65% males) medical patients receiving emergency medical care from a level 1 trauma centre were enrolled in the study and invited for an MRI scan 1-2-months post-trauma. PTSD symptoms were measured using self-report at scan and 6-months post-trauma. A stop-signal anticipation task (SSAT) during an fMRI scan was used to test whether impaired behavioural proactive and reactive inhibition, and reduced activation in right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and bilateral hippocampus, were related to PTSD symptoms. We predicted that lower activation levels of vmPFC and rIFG during reactive inhibition and lower activation of hippocampus and rIFG during proactive inhibition would relate to higher 6-month PTSD symptoms. Results No significant associations were found between behavioural measures and 6-month PTSD. Separate linear regression analyses showed that reduced rIFG activation ( F 1,21 = 9.97, R 2 = .32 , p = .005) and reduced vmPFC activation ( F 1,21 = 5.19, R 2 = .20, p = .03) significantly predicted greater 6-month PTSD symptoms; this result held for rIFG activation controlling for demographic variables and baseline PTSD symptoms (β = −.45, p = .04) and Bonferroni correction. Conclusion Our findings suggest that impaired rIFG and, to a lesser extent, vmPFC activation during response inhibition may predict the development of PTSD symptoms following acute trauma exposure. Given the small sample size, future replication studies are needed. HIGHLIGHTS Impaired inhibition may be an important risk factor for the development of PTSD following trauma, with less right inferior frontal gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex activation during response inhibition predicting PTSD development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right inferior frontal gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal activation during response inhibition is implicated in the development of PTSD symptoms

Powers

Stevens

Pas

et al. 2022

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Analysis of Health Disparities in the Screening and Diagnosis of Hearing Loss: Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Hearing Screening Follow-Up Survey

2022

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to (a) provide introductory literature regarding cultural constructs, health disparities, and social determinants of health (SDoH); (b) summarize the literature regarding the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) Hearing Screening Follow-Up Survey (HSFS) data; (c) explore the CDC EHDI HSFS data regarding the contribution of maternal demographics to loss-to-follow-up/loss-to-documentation (LTF/D) between hearing screening and audiologic diagnosis for 2016, 2017, and 2018; and (d) examine these health disparities within the context of potential ethnoracial biases. Method: This is a comprehensive narrative literature review of cultural constructs, hearing health disparities, and SDoH as they relate to the CDC EHDI HSFS data. We explore the maternal demographic data reported on the CDC EHDI website and report disparities for maternal age, education, ethnicity, and race for 2016, 2017, and 2018. We focus on LTF/D for screening and diagnosis within the context of racial and cultural bias. Results: A literature review demonstrates the increase in quality of the CDC EHDI HSFS data over the past 2 decades. LTF/D rates for hearing screening and audiologic diagnostic testing have improved from higher than 60% to current rates of less than 30%. Comparisons of diagnostic completion rates reported on the CDC website for the EHDI HSFS 2016, 2017, and 2018 data show trends for maternal age, education, and race, but not for ethnicity. Trends were defined as changes more than 10% for variables averaged over a 3-year period (2016–2018). Conclusions: Although there have been significant improvements in LTF/D over the past 2 decades, there continue to be opportunities for further improvement. Beyond neonatal screening, delays continue to be reported in the diagnosis of young children with hearing loss. Notwithstanding the extraordinarily diverse families within the United States, the imperative is to minimize such delays so that all children with hearing loss can, at the very least, have auditory accessibility to spoken language by 3 months of age. Conscious awareness is essential before developing a potentially effective plan of action that might remediate the problem.

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Structural signature of trauma: white matter volume in right inferior frontal gyrus is positively associated with use of expressive suppression in recently traumatized individuals

Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

Right inferior frontal gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal activation during response inhibition is implicated in the development of PTSD symptoms

Right inferior frontal gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal activation during response inhibition is implicated in the development of PTSD symptoms

Analysis of Health Disparities in the Screening and Diagnosis of Hearing Loss: Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Hearing Screening Follow-Up Survey

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