Artificial
photocatalytic CO2 reduction, using water as the reductant,
is challenging mainly because it is difficult for multiple functional
units to cooperate efficiently. Here, we show that the classic photosensitive
and H2O-oxidizing ruthenium bipyridyl units and CO2-reducing cobalt imidazolate units can be incorporated into
a metal–organic framework using a classic organic ligand, imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline. Under visible light without additional
sacrificial agents and photosensitizers, the overall conversion of
CO2 and H2O to CO and O2 was achieved
by the multifunctional photocatalyst in the CH3CN/H2O mixed solvent with a high CO production rate of 11.2 μmol
g–1 h–1 and CO selectivity of
ca. 100%. Thanks to its ultramicroporous structure with moderately
strong CO2 adsorption ability, the photocatalyst also exhibited
high performances with CO/CH4 production rates of 5.15/0.62
and 4.26/0.20 μmol g–1 h–1 in the gas phase with pure and even diluted CO2, respectively.
Photoluminescence emission spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical tests
confirmed that the photosensitive and catalytic units cooperated well
to give suitable photocatalytic redox potentials and fast electron–hole
separation.