Structural Studies of Peptidoglycans in <i>Campylobacter</i> Species

Amano, Ken‐ichi; Shibata, Yoshiko

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1992.tb02099.x

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Only one very minor peak with a pentapeptide side chain was detected in C. jejuni , a TetraPenta dimer with a Gly residue at position 5, as opposed to the more common D-Ala. Muropeptides with 3-3 crosslinks or Lys-Arg residues indicating bound lipoprotein were not detected and thus are either not present or present in very small amounts. The degree of cross-linking at 29.5% is consistent with the value of 30% published previously [17]. The average glycan chain length determined by the fraction of 1,6-anhydromuramic acid containing muropeptides from chain ends was 14.7 dissacharide units.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Campylobacter PG contains meso -diaminopimelic acid ( meso -Dap) in its peptide side chains and is modified by O-acetylation [17], [18], but the detailed muropeptide composition had not previously been elucidated. Bioinformatic analyses identified 3 putative PG synthases in C. jejuni : the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) PBP1A (cjj81176_0536), PBP (cjj81176_0550), and PBP2 (cjj81176_0680), but there are no predicted homologs of low-molecular weight PBPs such as DD-endo- or carboxypeptidases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peptidoglycan-Modifying Enzyme Pgp1 Is Required for Helical Cell Shape and Pathogenicity Traits in Campylobacter jejuni

et al. 2012

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The impact of bacterial morphology on virulence and transmission attributes of pathogens is poorly understood. The prevalent enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni displays a helical shape postulated as important for colonization and host interactions. However, this had not previously been demonstrated experimentally. C. jejuni is thus a good organism for exploring the role of factors modulating helical morphology on pathogenesis. We identified an uncharacterized gene, designated pgp1 (peptidoglycan peptidase 1), in a calcofluor white-based screen to explore cell envelope properties important for C. jejuni virulence and stress survival. Bioinformatics showed that Pgp1 is conserved primarily in curved and helical bacteria. Deletion of pgp1 resulted in a striking, rod-shaped morphology, making pgp1 the first C. jejuni gene shown to be involved in maintenance of C. jejuni cell shape. Pgp1 contributes to key pathogenic and cell envelope phenotypes. In comparison to wild type, the rod-shaped pgp1 mutant was deficient in chick colonization by over three orders of magnitude and elicited enhanced secretion of the chemokine IL-8 in epithelial cell infections. Both the pgp1 mutant and a pgp1 overexpressing strain – which similarly produced straight or kinked cells – exhibited biofilm and motility defects. Detailed peptidoglycan analyses via HPLC and mass spectrometry, as well as Pgp1 enzyme assays, confirmed Pgp1 as a novel peptidoglycan DL-carboxypeptidase cleaving monomeric tripeptides to dipeptides. Peptidoglycan from the pgp1 mutant activated the host cell receptor Nod1 to a greater extent than did that of wild type. This work provides the first link between a C. jejuni gene and morphology, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and key host- and transmission-related characteristics.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptidoglycan-Modifying Enzyme Pgp1 Is Required for Helical Cell Shape and Pathogenicity Traits in Campylobacter jejuni

et al. 2012

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“…The concomitant shift in the morphology of the cells back to being predominantly spiral would suggest that the formation of coccal cells previously was indicative only of injury and cell degeneration. This was substantiated by the ultrastructural features of the coccal cells which showed membrane degradation and cytoplasmic leakage, similar to that reported previously for coccal cells derived from batch and plate cultures (Buck et al 1983;Ng et al 1985;Moran and Upton 1987b;Jones et al 1991;Amano and Shibata 1992;Jacob et al 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Studies using chemical indicators of 'viability' have demonstrated that 'stressed' non-culturable cells still retain respiratory activity (Rollins and Colwell 1986;Beumer et al 1992;Medema et al 1992;Boucher et al 1994;Fearnley et al 1996). By contrast, other indicators of viability, such as intracellular and extracellular ATP levels and cellular ultrastructure, suggest that the cells are degenerate (Buck et al 1983;Upton 1986, 1987b;Amano and Shibata 1992;Boucher et al 1994). Experiments on the infectivity of non-culturable forms of Camp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of coccal cell formation by Campylobacter jejuni using continuous culture techniques, and the importance of oxidative stress

Harvey¹

1998

J Appl Microbiol

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Campylobacter jejuni is an important human gastro‐intestinal pathogen. In hostile environments it may adapt its physiology to prolong survival, potentially including the adoption of a viable, non‐culturable form and a change to coccal cell morphology. By independently controlling the individual parameters of continuous cultures of Camp. jejuni (e.g. pH, nutrient limitation, growth rate, etc.), coccal cell formation was shown to be elicited only by high oxygen tension in conjunction with reduced carbon concentration. Electron microscopy revealed degradative changes in these cells. This occurred as a transient response over 48 h coincident with a large reduction in maximum growth rate and viable count. Kinetic analysis of the biomass reduction of the cultures demonstrated that significant underlying growth was maintained, with the subsequent selection of a more oxygen‐resistant population of cells and reversion to spiral morphology. Coccal cells appear to be predominantly a degenerate form of Camp. jejuni resulting from oxidative damage. While some of these coccal cells may recover, the more interesting population of cells is probably that which retains, or regains, spiral morphology during adaptation to oxidative stress.

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“…It was found that the yield of PG extracted from CF cells of C. coli, C. jejuni and C. fetus was much lower than that from RF cells. [75]. Remarkably, PG was always obtainable from C. fetus, coincident with inability of this subspecies to form CF.…”

Section: Factors Involved In Bacterial Cell Shape Maintenancementioning

confidence: 95%

Putative mechanisms and biological role of coccoid form formation inCampylobacter jejuni

Ikeda¹,

Karlyshev²

2012

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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Structural Studies of Peptidoglycans in Campylobacter Species

Abstract: Peptidoglycans (PG) from Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter fetus were composed of muramic acid, glucosamine, alanine, glutamic acid, and diaminopimelic acid in a molar ratio of 1

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Peptidoglycan-Modifying Enzyme Pgp1 Is Required for Helical Cell Shape and Pathogenicity Traits in Campylobacter jejuni

Peptidoglycan-Modifying Enzyme Pgp1 Is Required for Helical Cell Shape and Pathogenicity Traits in Campylobacter jejuni

Analysis of coccal cell formation by Campylobacter jejuni using continuous culture techniques, and the importance of oxidative stress

Putative mechanisms and biological role of coccoid form formation inCampylobacter jejuni

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