Structural Studies of the Cell‐Envelope Oligosaccharide from the Lipopolysaccharide of <i>Haemophilus Influenzae</i> Strain RM.118‐28

Risberg, Anna; Schweda, Elke K. H.; Jansson, Per‐Erik

doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00701.x

Cited by 51 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…zae phosphocholine was also identified on the surface and was found to be attached to the lipopolysaccharide (18,19). All bacteria having phosphocholine as part of their surface structures colonize the human nasopharynx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Structure of a New Phosphocholine-containing Glycoglycerolipid of Mycoplasma fermentans

Zähringer

Wagner

Rietschel

et al. 1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The human pathogen Mycoplasma fermentans PG18 was isolated from the urogenital tract several decades ago (1). Because of reports indicating its possible role as a cofactor accelerating the progression of human immunodeficiency virus disease, its significance as a pathogen in other immunocompromised patients (2), and its role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, interest in M. fermentans has recently increased (3). Although little is known of the molecular mechanisms underlying M. fermentans pathogenicity (4), it has been shown that human immunodeficiency virus-associated cytopathic effects could be increased by the presence of M. fermentans (2) and that M. fermentans is capable of fusing with T-cells and peripheral lymphocytes (5).It is reasonable to assume that Mycoplasma membrane components are involved in the attachment and fusion of the microbe with eukaryotic host cells. Salman et al. (6) isolated an unusual phospholipid from the cell membranes of M. fermentans and showed that this material (compound X) was capable of enhancing the fusion of small, unilamellar vesicles with MOLT-3 lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner.Matsuda et al. (4) isolated two glycoglycerolipids (GGPL-I 1 and GGPL-III) from M. fermentans. GGPL-I structure was shown to be 6Ј-O-phosphocholine-␣-D-glucopyranosyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (7) as elucidated by mass and NMR spectroscopy. It was later shown (4) that the structure of a more polar glycolipid (GGPL-III) isolated from the same strain of M. fermentans was very similar to that of GGPL-I. The chemical structure of GGPL-III, however, has so far remained obscure. The only distinguishing structural feature known is that it differs from GGPL-I in having an additional amino residue (4). Both GGPLs were shown to be species-specific major lipid antigens of M. fermentans (4).Here we describe the structural analysis of a new type of polar lipid isolated from M. fermentans, and we present the complete structural analysis of MfGL-II. 2 Furthermore, we show that both glycolipids of M. fermentans, GGPL-I and GGPL-III, share the basic structure of 6Ј-O-phospho-␣-D-glucopyranosyl-(1Ј33)-1,2-diacyl-glycerol (7) but differ in their polar head groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Growth of the Organism-Cultures of M. fermentans strain PG18and strain Incognitus (provided by S.-C. Lo, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C.) were grown in a modified Channock medium (8) inoculated with a 48-h culture at an inoculum level of 2% and incubated statically at 37°C. After 68 h the cells were harvested, washed twice, and freeze-dried as described previously (8) with yields ranging from 130 to 160 mg dry weight per liter of medium.Lipid Extraction and Purification-Freeze-dried cells were suspended in 25 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.5, containing 0.25 M NaCl to a final concentration of 25 mg of cells per ml. Lipids were extracted from cell suspensions by the method of Bligh and Dyer (9) and concentrated to near dryness on a rotary evaporator. Quantitative separation of MfGL-II was achieved by silica gel colu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Structure of a New Phosphocholine-containing Glycoglycerolipid of Mycoplasma fermentans

Zähringer

Wagner

Rietschel

et al. 1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Structural studies of H. influenzae LPS have demonstrated that PCho can be linked to hexoses attached to any one of the three heptoses (19,25,27). Lysenko and colleagues have shown that the lic1D gene directs this addition and that the location of the PCho molecule can alter the susceptibility of the bacteria to CRP-mediated bacterial killing (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Modification of the LPS by addition of two PCho residues resulted in increased binding of C-reactive protein and had consequential effects on the resistance of the organism to the killing effects of normal human serum compared to the effects of glycoforms containing one or no PCho. When bound, C-reactive protein leads to complement-mediated killing, indicating the potential biological significance of multiple PCho residues.Phosphocholine (PCho) has been detected on the cell surface of a range of bacteria, predominantly bacteria residing in the human respiratory tract, such as Haemophilus influenzae (5,25,39). In H. influenzae, PCho is a substituent of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule (24,25,39), the main glycolipid on the bacterial cell surface that is a target for host immune responses and influences both the commensal and pathogenic behavior of the organism (38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphocholine (PCho) has been detected on the cell surface of a range of bacteria, predominantly bacteria residing in the human respiratory tract, such as Haemophilus influenzae (5,25,39). In H. influenzae, PCho is a substituent of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule (24,25,39), the main glycolipid on the bacterial cell surface that is a target for host immune responses and influences both the commensal and pathogenic behavior of the organism (38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In H. influenzae, PCho is a substituent of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule (24,25,39), the main glycolipid on the bacterial cell surface that is a target for host immune responses and influences both the commensal and pathogenic behavior of the organism (38). H. influenzae LPS comprises a membrane-anchoring lipid A (endotoxin) linked to oligosaccharide chains that extend from the bacterial cell surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Duplicate Copies oflic1Direct the Addition of Multiple Phosphocholine Residues in the Lipopolysaccharide ofHaemophilus influenzae

Fox

Schweda

et al. 2008

Infect Immun

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The genes of the lic1 operon (lic1A to lic1D) are responsible for incorporation of phosphocholine (PCho) into the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Haemophilus influenzae. PCho plays a multifaceted role in the commensal and pathogenic lifestyles of a range of mucosal pathogens, including H. influenzae. Structural studies of the LPS of nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHI) have revealed that PCho can be linked to a hexose on any one of the oligosaccharide chain extensions from the conserved inner core triheptosyl backbone. In a collection of NTHI strains we found several strains in which there were two distinct but variant lic1D DNA sequences, genes predicted to encode the transferase responsible for directing the addition of PCho to LPS. The same isolates were also found to express concomitantly two PCho residues at distinct positions in their LPS. In one such NTHI isolate, isolate 1158, structural analysis of LPS from lic1 mutants confirmed that each of the two copies of lic1D directs the addition of PCho to a distinct location on the LPS. One position for PCho addition is a novel heptose, which is part of the oligosaccharide extension from the proximal heptose of the LPS inner core. Modification of the LPS by addition of two PCho residues resulted in increased binding of C-reactive protein and had consequential effects on the resistance of the organism to the killing effects of normal human serum compared to the effects of glycoforms containing one or no PCho. When bound, C-reactive protein leads to complement-mediated killing, indicating the potential biological significance of multiple PCho residues.Phosphocholine (PCho) has been detected on the cell surface of a range of bacteria, predominantly bacteria residing in the human respiratory tract, such as Haemophilus influenzae (5,25,39). In H. influenzae, PCho is a substituent of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule (24,25,39), the main glycolipid on the bacterial cell surface that is a target for host immune responses and influences both the commensal and pathogenic behavior of the organism (38). H. influenzae LPS comprises a membrane-anchoring lipid A (endotoxin) linked to oligosaccharide chains that extend from the bacterial cell surface. The LPS of a number of different strains have been analyzed and have been shown to be composed of a common L-glycero-Dmanno-heptose-containing inner-core trisaccharide unit attached to the lipid A via a phosphorylated 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (Kdo) residue (20, 23). Each of the heptose (Hep) residues can provide a point for addition of a hexose (Hex) residue, which in turn can lead to oligosaccharide chain extension (for a review, see reference 28). The nature of the oligosaccharide chains and the degree to which they contain noncarbohydrate substituents, such as PCho, show intra-and interstrain variation that can affect the virulence of the organism. PCho in H. influenzae LPS plays a role in persistence of the bacterium on the mucosal surface of the nasopharynx, at least in part by mediating bacterial adherence to, and invasi...

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Haemophilus

Kilian

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Hae.mo' phi.lus . Gr. n. haima blood; Gr. n. philos lover; M.L masc. Haemophilus blood‐lover. Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / Haemophilus Minute to medium‐sized coccobacilli or rods , generally less than 1 µm in width and variable in length, sometimes forming threads or filaments and showing marked pleomorphism . Gram negative. Nonmotile. Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Require preformed growth factors present in blood , particularly X factor (protoporphyrin IX or protoheme) and/or V factor (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD] or NAD phosphate [NADP]). Even after specific growth factors have been provided, growth is best on complex media. Optimum temperature, 35–37°C. Nitrates are reduced to or beyond nitrites . Oxidase and catalase reactions vary among strains. Chemoorganotrophic. All species can attack carbohydrates fermentatively , yielding acetic, lactic, and succinic acids as end products in glucose broth. Occur as obligate parasites on the mucous membranes of humans and a variety of animal species . Several 16S rRNA sequence signatures for the family Pasteurellaceae have been demonstrated, but none of these is specific for the genus Haemophilus as presently defined (Dewhirst et al., 1992). The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 37–44. Type species : Haemophilus influenzae (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) Winslow, Broadhurst, Buchanan, Krumwiede, Rogers, and Smith 1917, 561 ( Bacterium influenzae Lehmann and Neumann 1896, 187.)

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Structural Studies of the Cell‐Envelope Oligosaccharide from the Lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus Influenzae Strain RM.118‐28

Cited by 51 publications

References 20 publications

Primary Structure of a New Phosphocholine-containing Glycoglycerolipid of Mycoplasma fermentans

Primary Structure of a New Phosphocholine-containing Glycoglycerolipid of Mycoplasma fermentans

Duplicate Copies oflic1Direct the Addition of Multiple Phosphocholine Residues in the Lipopolysaccharide ofHaemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus

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