Structural studies on highly ordered and highly conductive thin films of pentacene

Minakata, Takashi; Imai, Hideaki; Ozaki, Masaru; Saco, Kentaro

doi:10.1063/1.352004

Cited by 144 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The results are listed in Table 3. The reciprocal lattice data of the single crystal and the ED results calculated from Minakata et al [7] have been added to this table. Note that the difference between a Ã and Àa Ã or b Ã and Àb Ã could not be observed.…”

Section: Temperature Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of polymorphs of pentacene

et al. 2003

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Pentacene crystallizes in a layered structure with a herringbone arrangement within the layers. The electronic properties depend strongly on the stacking of the molecules within the layers [J. Phys. Chem. B. 106 (2002) . Single crystals commonly adopt the 14.1 A structure, whereas all four polymorphs can be synthesized in thin film form, depending on growth conditions. We have identified part of the unit cell parameters of these polymorphs by X-ray and electron diffraction (ED). The 15.0 and 15.4 A polymorphs transform at elevated temperature to the 14.1 and 14.4 A polymorphs, respectively. Using SCLC measurements, we determined the mobility of the 14.1 A polymorph to be 0.2 cm 2 /V s at room temperature. #

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Section: Temperature Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…the stacking of the molecules. The crystal structure and growth of pentacene has been subject of a number of studies [4][5][6][7][8]. Pentacene crystallizes in a layered structure with a herringbone arrangement within the layers (see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of polymorphs of pentacene

et al. 2003

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“…50 nm thick. Conductivity measurements on these iodine doped pentacene films revealed that conductivity is in the order of 1.25 × 10 −2 S cm −1 , which was lower than that of pentacene films doped either with iodine or bromine reported in the literature (electrical conductivity of up to 100 S cm −1 ) [32,33]. Different film thickness, doping concentration and doping method might be reasons for this low value.…”

Section: Molecular Glasses Based Solid State Dsscsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Recent advances in small molecular, non-polymeric organic hole transporting materials for solid-state DSSC

Bui

Goubard

2013

EPJ Photovolt.

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Issue from thin-film technologies, dye-sensitized solar cells have become one of the most promising technologies in the field of renewable energies. Their success is not only due to their low weight, the possibility of making large flexible surfaces, but also to their photovoltaic efficiency which are found to be more and more significant (>12% with a liquid electrolyte, >7% with a solid organic hole conductor). This short review highlights recent advances in the characteristics and use of low-molecular-weight glassforming organic materials as hole transporters in all solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. These materials must feature specific physical and chemical properties that will ensure both the operation of a photovoltaic cell and the easy implementation. This review is an english extended version based on our recent article published in Matériaux & Techniques 101, 102 (2013). Construction and performance of dye-sensitized solar cellThe energy-scenario analysis in 2050 plans an increase until 300% of the world energy consumption. Such a need cannot be exclusively satisfied by the fossil fuels, humanity has to turn to renewable energies and notably towards the potentiality of solar energy. Photovoltaics is a promising renewable energy technology that converts sunlight to electricity, with broad potential to contribute significantly to solving the future energy problem that humanity faces. Historically, in 1954, Bell Labs created the first siliconbased solar cells with 6% efficiency [1]. To date, inorganic semiconductor solar cells dominate commercial markets, with crystalline Si having an 80% share; the remaining 20% is mostly thin film solar technology, such as CdTe and CuInGaSe [2]. However, the use of this conventional silicon involves a non-negligible production cost, in particular because of the silicon purification process to reach the solar-grade silicon. This cost strikingly reduces the competitiveness of these silicon cells compared with the traditional sources of energy for the ground applications.Since the last two decades, low-cost solutions have emerged mainly using thin-film solar photovoltaic technologies. Among them, a new type of cell, known as dyesensitized solar cells (DSSC) [3], has been studied to develop low-cost photovoltaic devices. In this type of cell, a e-mail: thanh-tuan.bui@u-cergy.fr b e-mail: fabrice.goubard@u-cergy.fr a light-harvesting material, generally a molecular dye absorbs photons and is photoexcited. The photogenerated electrons and holes from the dye are quickly separated and transferred into two different transporting media (metallic oxide and electrolyte) reducing strongly the electron-hole recombination in the absorber material. Moreover, the device is based on the superposition of active layers whose thicknesses are ten to twenty-folds inferior to that of crystalline silicon wafers. In addition, the requested purity of materials is 10 to 100 times less than for a silicon device.The DSSC is composed of a photo-anode and a photoinert counter electrode (ca...

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“…Pentacene consists of stacked molecular layers arranged in a herringbone structure with interplanar spacing d 0 0 1 = 14.1 Å [33]. Van der Waals forces are effective between its molecular layers [34,35]. Several techniques, such as photoelectron emission microscopy (PES) [36], potential imaging mapping [37], and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) [38,39] have been used to probe local defects originating from structural disorders, crystalline domain size, shape, and height of the pentacene layer itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%