Structural, textural, morphological, magnetic and electromagnetic study of Cu-doped NiZn ferrite synthesized by pilot-scale combustion for RAM application

Biodiesel production on bench scale from different sources of waste oils by using NiZn magnetic heterogeneous nanocatalyst

“…Studies report that the presence of mesoporous improves the performance of the catalyst since the diffusion of FFA inside and outside the catalyst is facilitated by the presence of mesoporos 16,68 . Finally, for P / P 0 above 0.8, the adsorbed volume may be attributed to the filling of the voids between the particles that can be considered as porosity 41,69 . The formation of an isotherm with a well‐defined hysteresis loop, as observed in this work, can be attributed to the capillary condensation that occurs because of the delay in pore condensation.…”

“…The maximum average temperature reached during the syntheses was 690.3 ± 53.4°C; this being a relatively low average temperature value (<1000°C) and favorable to obtain products with a high surface area, making these nanoparticles suitable for use as a catalyst. This is justified because the temperature directly influences the size and shape of particles, as well as the porosity, thus imposing direct changes on the surface of the material 41 . At temperatures above 1000°C, the changes of material surface are more pronounced, and in some cases, these changes considerably reduce the surface area and active sites of catalysts 24,42 …”

“…Thus, the magnetic property contributes effectively to prevent the loss of the catalyst and increase its recovery rate during the separation process, and with this, placing the magnetic catalysts as more advantageous than conventional heterogeneous catalysts, and making them promising products in the catalytic area. The Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 ferrite stands out as a nanocatalyst with good saturation magnetization, since it shows characteristics of soft magnetic materials (magnetizes/demagnetizes with great ease), due to the low values of remaining magnetization and cohesive field, being sketched a narrow well‐defined and S‐shaped magnetic hysteresis cycle, which indicates having ferrimagnetic properties 16,41,102 . Magnetic properties depend on several factors, such as the size, shape, and distribution of cations in the available interstices.…”

“…Magnetic properties depend on several factors, such as the size, shape, and distribution of cations in the available interstices. Magnetization can be explained based on changes in the exchange interactions between the tetrahedral and octahedral subnets due to crystallinity, particle shape, and magnetization direction, which in turn are a consequence of the adopted synthesis method 23,41,103 …”

Nano Size NiCuZnFe2O4 Tri Metal Spinel Ferrite: Synthesis, Characterizations and Additive for Thermolysis of Ammonium Perchlorate

“…However, as per the classification of the IUPAC [39] NiCuZnFe 2 O 4 corresponds to type IV isotherm with type H 2 hysteresis loop [52] is usually associated with capillary condensation in mesopore structure, assigned to monolayer–multilayer adsorption while the mixture AP + NiCuZnFe 2 O 4 corresponds to type V isotherm due to its large hysteresis [49] . Textural properties of mixture AP + NiCuZnFe 2 O 4 and NiCuZnFe 2 O 4 calculated from nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms are summarized in Table 2.…”