“…Manufacturing constraints (Schramm and Zhou, 2006;Liu and Ma, 2016;Wang et al, 2022) hold significant importance in topology optimization in industrial applications. Numerous methodologies have been developed, and commercially available software now incorporates manufacturing constraint functions for scenarios where the production technique is predetermined, such as extrusion (Zhou et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2020), casting (Lu and Chen, 2012), infill structure (Wu et al, 2018), stress direction (Kamada et al, 2021), and additive manufacturing (Gaynor et al, 2014;Zhang and Cheng, 2020).…”