Structurally optimized honeycomb scaffolds with outstanding ability for vertical bone augmentation

Hayashi, Koichiro; Shimabukuro, Masaya; Kishida, Reiji; Tsuchiya, Akira; Ishikawa, Kunio

doi:10.1016/j.jare.2021.12.010

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Extrusion molding is a suitable method for fabricating materials with precisely controlled porous structure and shape. We have previously fabricated CAp honeycomb scaffolds by exploiting extrusion molding. ,,,− The precisely controlled porous structure promoted bone regeneration. Notably, intrascaffold channels of 230–300 μm in apertural size can prevent the penetration of fibrous tissues into the scaffold, thus providing a dominant position for osteogenesis and angiogenesis. ,− Furthermore, among triangle-, square-, and hexagon-shaped cell geometries, the hexagonal cell has the largest area when the outer periphery lengths of these cells are equal; , moreover, extraneous loads applied to a plane can be distributed onto the other five planes .…”

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Effects of Scaffold Shape on Bone Regeneration: Tiny Shape Differences Affect the Entire System

et al. 2022

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Although studies on scaffolds for tissue generation have mainly focused on the chemical composition and pore structure, the effects of scaffold shape have been overlooked. Scaffold shape determines the scaffold surface area (SA) at the single-scaffold level (i.e., microscopic effects), although it also affects the amount of interscaffold space in the tissue defect at the whole-system level (i.e., macroscopic effects). To clarify these microscopic and macroscopic effects, this study reports the osteogenesis abilities of three types of carbonate apatite granular scaffolds with different shapes, namely, irregularly shaped dense granules (DGs) and two types of honeycomb granules (HCGs) with seven hexagonal channels (∼255 μm in length between opposite sides). The HCGs possessed either 12 protuberances (∼75 μm in length) or no protuberances. Protuberances increased the SA of each granule by 3.24 mm 2 while also widening interscaffold spaces and increasing the space percentage in the defect by ∼7.6%. Interscaffold spaces were lower in DGs than HCGs. On DGs, new bone formed only on the surface, whereas on HCGs, bone simultaneously formed on the surface and in intrascaffold channels. Interestingly, HCGs without protuberances formed approximately 30% more new bone than those with protuberances. Thus, even tiny protuberances on the scaffold surface can affect the percentage of interscaffold space, thereby exerting dominant effects on osteogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that bone regeneration can be improved by considering macroscopic shape effects beyond the microscopic effects of the scaffold.

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Effects of Scaffold Shape on Bone Regeneration: Tiny Shape Differences Affect the Entire System

et al. 2022

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“…HC scaffolds with square channels (HC-S) were fabricated by the method described in our previous paper [ 35 , 41 ]. In brief, HC green bodies were prepared by the extrusion molding of a mixture of CaCO 3 (Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) and methylcellulose-based binder (Matsumoto Yushi-Seiyaku, Osaka, Japan) using an extruder (V-30 [II]; Universe, Saga, Japan) equipped with a die with square slits of 300 μm × 300 μm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, we have developed several types of porous calcium phosphate scaffolds and demonstrated the effects of scaffold composition [ 32 , 33 ], shape [ 34 ], and pore structure at the macro- [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ], micro- [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ], and nanoscale [ 48 ] on osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Regarding scaffold composition, carbonate apatite (CAp) bone mineral was resorbed by osteoclasts and showed superior osteoconductivity to hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding scaffold composition, carbonate apatite (CAp) bone mineral was resorbed by osteoclasts and showed superior osteoconductivity to hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) [ 32 , 33 ]. As for pore structure, uniaxial through-channels, such as square channels in a honeycomb (HC) filter for exhaust gas purification, promoted ingrowths of bone and blood vessels [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. HC channels that uniaxially penetrate the scaffold from the bottom surface to the top are considered to prevent fibrous tissue penetration from the scaffold side surface, although scaffolds with three-dimensional porous structures may not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Channel Aperture Characteristics of Carbonate Apatite Honeycomb Scaffolds Affect Ingrowths of Bone and Fibrous Tissues in Vertical Bone Augmentation

et al. 2022

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Synthetic scaffolds with the ability to prevent fibrous tissue penetration and promote bone augmentation may realize guided bone regeneration without the use of a barrier membrane for dental implantation. Here, we fabricated two types of honeycomb scaffolds of carbonate apatite, a bone mineral analog, whose channel apertures were square (HC-S) and rectangular (HC-R). The side lengths of the HC-Ss and HC-Rs were 265.8 ± 8.9; 817.7 ± 2.4 and 267.1 ± 5.2 μm, respectively. We placed cylindrical HC-Ss and HC-Rs on the rabbit calvaria. At 4 weeks post-implantation, the HC-Ss prevented fibrous tissue penetration from the top face via the channels, which allowed the new bone to reach the top of the scaffold from the bottom face or the calvarium. In contrast, in the HC-Rs, fibrous tissues filled the channels in the top region. At 12 weeks post-implantation, the HC-Ss were partially replaced with new bone. In the top region of the HC-Rs, although new bone had formed, fibrous tissue remained. According to the findings here and in our previous study, the longer side length rather than the shorter side length of a rectangular scaffold channel aperture is the dominant factor that affects fibrous tissue penetration and new bone augmentation. Furthermore, even though channel aperture areas are similar, bone and fibrous tissue ingrowths are different when the aperture shapes are different.

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“…Micropores affect osteoclastic resorption, followed by osteogenesis [ 24 ]. When micropore volume is 0.1–0.2 g/cm 3 , the scaffold resorption rate is synchronized with new bone formation rate, and consequently, the scaffold is successfully replaced with the new bone [ [24] , [25] , [26] ]. Therefore, synthetic scaffolds with precisely controlled macropore size (200–300 μm) and micropore volume (0.1–0.2 g/cm 3 ) are required to achieve favorable bone regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granular honeycomb scaffolds composed of carbonate apatite for simultaneous intra- and inter-granular osteogenesis and angiogenesis

Hayashi

Yanagisawa

Shimabukuro

et al. 2022

Materials Today Bio

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Structurally optimized honeycomb scaffolds with outstanding ability for vertical bone augmentation

Cited by 33 publications

References 51 publications

Effects of Scaffold Shape on Bone Regeneration: Tiny Shape Differences Affect the Entire System

Effects of Scaffold Shape on Bone Regeneration: Tiny Shape Differences Affect the Entire System

Channel Aperture Characteristics of Carbonate Apatite Honeycomb Scaffolds Affect Ingrowths of Bone and Fibrous Tissues in Vertical Bone Augmentation

Granular honeycomb scaffolds composed of carbonate apatite for simultaneous intra- and inter-granular osteogenesis and angiogenesis

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