Structure–activity relations in Cs-doped heteropolyacid catalysts for biodiesel production

Narasimharao, Katabathini; Brown, R. C.; Lee, Adam F.; Newman, Andrew D.; Siril, Prem Felix; Tavener, Stewart J.; Wilson, Karen

doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2007.02.016

Cited by 270 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The protons replacement has similar effects on activity as cations concentration increase. Cs x H 3-x PW 12 O 40 (x = 0.9-3), one kind of insoluble Keggin HPAs, offers excellent performance in (trans)esterification (Narasimharao et al, 2007). The catalytic activity of Cs-salts decreases as the content of Cs in HPW grows, due to the decrease of pH and the increase of conductivity of colloidal solutions in direct relation with the acidity of surface layers of primary particles.…”

Section: Heteropoly Acids (Hpas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production with Solid Catalysts

Guo¹,

Fang²

2011

Biodiesel - Feedstocks and Processing Technologies

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Section: Heteropoly Acids (Hpas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production with Solid Catalysts

Guo¹,

Fang²

2011

Biodiesel - Feedstocks and Processing Technologies

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“…A notable example are the solid acids [11]. These solid catalysts, which normally present Lewis acidity, are easily separated from the reaction media and are potentially less corrosive to the reactors [12][13][14][15]. However, their use usually require drastic reaction conditions, i.e.…”

Section: Environmental Benefits Of Use Of Lewis Acid Catalysts For Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation

2008

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Abstract:The production of biodiesel from low-cost raw materials which generally contain high amounts of free fatty acids (FFAs) is a valuable alternative that would make their production costs more competitive than petroleum-derived fuel. Currently, the production of biodiesel from this kind of raw materials comprises a two-stage process, which requires an initial acid-catalyzed esterification of the FFA, followed by a basecatalyzed transesterification of the triglycerides. Commonly, the acid H 2 SO 4 is the catalyst on the first step of this process. It must be said, however, that major drawbacks such as substantial reactor corrosion and the great generation of wastes, including the salts formed due to neutralization of the mineral acid, are negative and virtually unsurmountable aspects of this protocol. In this paper, tin(II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O), an inexpensive Lewis acid, was evaluated as catalyst on the ethanolysis of oleic acid, which is the major component of several fat and vegetable oils feedstocks. Tin chloride efficiently promoted the conversion of oleic acid into ethyl oleate in ethanol solution and in soybean oil samples, under mild reaction conditions. The SnCl 2 catalyst was shown to be as active as the mineral acid H 2 SO 4 . Its use has relevant advantages in comparison to mineral acids catalysts, such as less corrosion of the reactors and as well as avoiding the unnecessary neutralization of products. Herein, the effect of the principal parameters of reaction on the yield and rate of ethyl oleate production has been investigated. Kinetic measurements revealed that the esterification of oleic acid catalyzed by SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O is first-order in relation to both FFAs and catalyst concentration. Experimentally, it was verified that the energy of activation of the esterification reaction of oleic acid catalyzed by SnCl 2 was very close those reported for H 2 SO 4 . OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2008, 1 80

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“…While their activities are generally low, solid acids have the advantage that they are less sensitive to FFA contaminants than their solid base analogues, and hence can operate with unrefined feedstocks containing 3-6 wt% FFAs [27]. In contrast to solid bases which require feedstock pretreatment to remove fatty acid impurities, solid acids are able to esterify FFAs through to FAME in parallel with transesterification major TAG components without soap formation and thus reduce the number of processing steps to biodiesel [70][71][72].…”

Section: Heterogeneously Catalysed Routes To Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalysing Sustainable Fuel and Chemical Synthesis

Lee¹

2015

Advanced Biofuels

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Concerns over the economics of proven fossil fuel reserves, in concert with government and public acceptance of the anthropogenic origin of rising CO 2 emissions and associated climate change from such combustible carbon, are driving academic and commercial research into new sustainable routes to fuel and chemicals. The quest for such sustainable resources to meet the demands of a rapidly rising global population represents one of this century's grand challenges. Here, we discuss catalytic solutions to the clean synthesis of biodiesel, the most readily implemented and low cost, alternative source of transportation fuels, and oxygenated organic molecules for the manufacture of fine and speciality chemicals to meet future societal demands.

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Structure–activity relations in Cs-doped heteropolyacid catalysts for biodiesel production

Cited by 270 publications

References 27 publications

Biodiesel Production with Solid Catalysts

Biodiesel Production with Solid Catalysts

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation

Catalysing Sustainable Fuel and Chemical Synthesis

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