Structure-activity relationships of carbon-supported platinum-bismuth and platinum-antimony oxidation catalysts

Maphoru, Mabuatsela V.; Pillai, Sreejarani Kesavan; Heveling, Josef

doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2017.02.003

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…[ 24 ] Electroless deposition and microwave‐assisted methods were employed to prepare Pt‐Bi‐activated carbon (AC) composites. [ 5 ] The melt‐growth technique has been used to produce single crystals of α‐PdBi 2 or β‐PdBi 2 , depending on the selection of temperature in different stages of the process. In that approach, elemental Pd and Bi are sealed in a degassed quartz tube, then reacted at high temperatures, which help to get the system fully melted and mixed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth‐Noble Metal Alloy Nanostructures Prepared by Colloidal Chemical Routes for Use in Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: Bi‐Pt Versus Bi‐Pd

Mourdikoudis

Regner

Gusmão

et al. 2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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oxidation reaction. In addition, an alteration of the active adsorption sites due to dilution of the catalytically active material may also take place when bimetallic catalysts are employed. Bismuth has already received interest as a Pt-modifier for electrocatalytic use. In this way, the noble metal quantity (and thus the overall cost) can be reduced, while the catalytic activity can be maintained (or even improved) by replacing a certain Pt amount with a less expensive metal. Bi may also modify the electronic structure of the Pt by lowering its d-band center. [1] Pt-Bi has been reported to be CO tolerant and it has exhibited higher catalytic performance for several oxidation reactions such as methanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, and ethanol. The lower poisoning of Pt-Bi catalysts with CO has been proposed to be a determinant factor for the increase in catalytic activity of such materials. [2] Another example of an electrochemical reaction in which a bimetallic system can perform better than its monometallic counterpart is the electro-oxidation of formic acid. Pt-Bi showed a more negative onset potential and higher current density than monometallic Pt, together with the above-mentioned high tolerance to CO. [3] For the Pt-Bi alloy system, the PtBi 2 composition possesses a layered hexagonal crystal structure and has been suggested to behave as a 3D topological semimetal with very high magnetoresistance and unique electronic structures. A good comprehension of the electronic structure of PtBi 2 is required to properly assign the actual origin of its anomalous transport properties. [4] Pt-Bi bimetallic structures have found applications in thermoelectronics and batteries. Pt-Bi 2 O 3 has been shown to facilitate the photolysis of water, while single Pt or Bi 2 O 3 were unable to catalyze such reactions on their own. Pt-Bi/AC (activated carbon) is a commercially available catalyst for electrocatalysis and selective oxidation reactions. It has been suggested that Bi causes a geometric blocking effect on Pt, thus decreasing the active site ensemble of Pt. These decreased sites will still permit certain desired chemical reactions to occur, but they will not be active for specific undesired side reactions. The electronic properties of Bi help to increase the electrocatalytic activity of Pt, inhibiting poison effects, thanks to its small electron effective mass, low carrier concentrations, and highly anisotropic Fermi surface. [5,6] Pt-Bi alloy may not be the most suitable electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR); [7] still, though Pt-Bi catalysts Compositional and morphological tuning of bismuth-based nanomaterials is crucial to improve and broaden the application of such structures in a range of electrocatalytic reactions. Nanostructures composed of Pt-Bi and Pd-Bi alloys in different elemental proportions and shapes are produced by solvothermal and hydrothermal chemical routes at moderate temperatures. The alloying of cost-effective bismuth with platinum is found to be much more efficient than that with...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth‐Noble Metal Alloy Nanostructures Prepared by Colloidal Chemical Routes for Use in Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: Bi‐Pt Versus Bi‐Pd

Mourdikoudis

Regner

Gusmão

et al. 2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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“…An average particle size (APS) of 8.0 nm was determined (Figure a iii ), and some of the Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are isolated and others are associated with the Bi containing features, which appear as nanorods (Figure a i and insert of Figure a ii ). The elemental composition of the prominent structures with respect to Pt, Bi, P and O was examined by “point and shoot” EDX analysis and EDX elemental mapping . The results confirm that the rods consist of the ximengite phase found by XRD (Figure ), while Pt is almost evenly distributed over the catalyst surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed characterization results for OD Pt have been reported elsewhere . The important structural properties of all samples are summarized in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can therefore be assumed that this trend closely reflects the relative intrinsic activities of these metals for the oxidative coupling of 1 using H 2 O 2 . An unpromoted VD 5%Pt/AC catalyst was tested earlier . This catalyst has a much higher APS (36.5 nm), and the corresponding CCC is only 1.2 N 10 −3 (solvent: MeOH).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This novel system for naphthol coupling requires metallic‐state catalysts . Interestingly, over Au/O 2 systems and in non‐catalyzed reactions with molecular O 2 the selectivity switches from the formation of 2 and 3 (oxidative coupling) to the formation of 4 (oxidation) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative Coupling of 2‐Methyl‐1‐naphthol: A Comparison between Bismuth‐Promoted Pt, Pd and Ag Catalysts

2018

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Catalyst development for the oxidative coupling of naphthols is important for the synthesis of biomimetic compounds and pharmaceuticals. Carbon supported 5%M‐5%Bi catalysts (M=Pt, Pd, Ag) were prepared by electroless deposition. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, EDX and TGA. Narrow particle size distributions of the noble metals were obtained, corresponding to an average particle size of 3.1–3.2 nm. Oxidative coupling of 2‐methyl‐1‐naphthol with H2O2 as the oxidant was the test reaction. The catalyst activities increase in the order Ag < Pd ≪ Pt. The outcome of the reaction depends on M, the solvent and the reaction temperature. Over Pt and Pd the binaphthol (3,3’‐dimethyl‐1,1’‐binaphthalenyl‐4,4’‐diol) can be obtained with yields of 89–94% in refluxing nitromethane. Under otherwise identical conditions, Ag gives the binaphthone (3,3’‐dimethyl‐1,1’‐binaphthalenylidene‐4,4’‐dione) with an isolated yield of 80%. The results show that apart from the solvent and the reaction temperature, also the choice of the catalytic metal can have an important influence on the outcome of the reaction.

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Technologies for Remediation of Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater Samples

Horst

Somerset

2019

Nano and Bio‐Based Technologies for Wastewater Treatment

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Structure-activity relationships of carbon-supported platinum-bismuth and platinum-antimony oxidation catalysts

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Bismuth‐Noble Metal Alloy Nanostructures Prepared by Colloidal Chemical Routes for Use in Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: Bi‐Pt Versus Bi‐Pd

Bismuth‐Noble Metal Alloy Nanostructures Prepared by Colloidal Chemical Routes for Use in Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: Bi‐Pt Versus Bi‐Pd

Oxidative Coupling of 2‐Methyl‐1‐naphthol: A Comparison between Bismuth‐Promoted Pt, Pd and Ag Catalysts

Technologies for Remediation of Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater Samples

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