Structure and Activity of Carbon-Supported Pt−Co Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction

Salgado, José Ricardo Cezar; Antolini, Ermete; González, Ernesto Rafael

doi:10.1021/jp0486649

Cited by 212 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Alternatively, poly-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be added as surfactant or capping agent [85,86] in association with a variety of reducing agents such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) [87,88], and formaldehyde (H-CHO) [88] for controlling surface reactivity. These properties significantly influence the electrochemical performance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Carbon Supported Metal Nanoparticles Preparation for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Low Temperature Fuel Cells

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the oldest studied and most challenging of the electrochemical reactions. Due to its sluggish kinetics, ORR became the major contemporary technological hurdle for electrochemists, as it hampers the commercialization of fuel cell (FC) technologies. Downsizing the metal particles to nanoscale introduces unexpected fundamental modifications compared to the corresponding bulk state. To address these fundamental issues, various synthetic routes have been developed in order to provide more versatile carbon-supported low platinum catalysts. Consequently, the approach of using nanocatalysts may overcome the drawbacks encountered in massive materials for energy conversion. This review paper aims at summarizing the recent important advances in carbon-supported metal nanoparticles preparation from colloidal methods (microemulsion, polyol, impregnation, Bromide Anion Exchange…) as cathode material in low temperature FCs. Special attention is devoted to the correlation of the structure of the nanoparticles and their catalytic properties. The influence of the synthesis method on the electrochemical properties of the resulting catalysts is also discussed. Emphasis on analyzing data from theoretical models to address the intrinsic and specific electrocatalytic properties, depending on the synthetic method, is incorporated throughout. The synthesis process-nanomaterials structure-catalytic activity relationships highlighted herein, provide ample new rational, convenient and OPEN ACCESSCatalysts 2015, 5 311 straightforward strategies and guidelines toward more effective nanomaterials design for energy conversion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Carbon Supported Metal Nanoparticles Preparation for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Low Temperature Fuel Cells

et al. 2015

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“…84 For example, adjusting the ratio between cobalt and platinum precursors (i.e., increasing the concentration of cobalt in the reaction mixture) results in decreased Pt alloy particle size. 63,85,86 It is recognized that adjusting precursor/capping agent concentrations and reduction/decomposition rates as well as selecting specific capping agents can control the morphology of nanostructures. A recent review article by Peng and Yang provided a fundamental understanding of the formation of Pt-alloy nanoparticles in solution phased synthesis.…”

Section: Effects Of Orderingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Pt-alloy electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction

et al. 2010

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In this critical review, we present the current technological advances in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell catalysis, with a focus on strategies for developing nanostructured Pt-alloys as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The achievements are reviewed and the major challenges, including high cost, insufficient activity and low stability, are addressed and discussed. The nanostructured Pt-alloy catalysts can be grouped into different clusters: (i) Pt-alloy nanoparticles, (ii) Pt-alloy nanotextures such as Pt-skins/monolayers on top of base metals, and (iii) branched or anisotropic elongated Pt or Pt-alloy nanostructures. Although some Pt-alloy catalysts with advanced nanostructures have shown remarkable activity levels, the dissolution of metals, including Pt and alloyed base metals, in a fuel cell operating environment could cause catalyst degradation, and still remains an issue. Another concern may be low retention of the nanostructure of the active catalyst during fuel cell operation. To facilitate further efforts in new catalyst development, several research directions are also proposed in this paper (130 references).

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“…Initial tests were carried out in a half cell and successful candidates were tested as cathode materials in a low temperature PEM fuel cell. The preparation method was by impregnation followed by reaction with a reducing agent which has been a popular method for catalyst preparation [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterisation of carbon-supported palladium nanoparticles for oxygen reduction in low temperature PEM fuel cells

et al. 2011

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Pd nanoparticles have been synthesised using different reducing agents, including ethylene glycol (EG), formaldehyde and sodium borohydride and their activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) evaluated. The use of EG led to the best morphology for the ORR and this synthetic method was optimised by adjusting the system pH. Carbon-supported Pd nanoparticles of approximately 7 nm diameter were obtained when reduction took place in the alkaline region. Pd synthesised by EG reduction at pH 11 presented the highest mass activity 20 A g -2 and active surface area 15 m 2 g -1 . These synthetic conditions were used in further synthesis. The effect of heat treatment in H 2 atmosphere was also studied; and increased size of the palladium nanoparticles was observed in every case. The Pd/C catalyst synthesised by reduction with EG at pH 11 was tested in a low temperature H 2 /O 2 (air) PEMFC with a Nafion Ò 112 membrane, at 20 and 40°C. Current densities at 0.5 V, with O 2 fed to the cathode, at 40°C were 1.40 A cm -2 and peak power densities 0.79 W cm -2 , approximately; which compared with 1.74 A cm -2 and 0.91 W cm -2 , respectively for a commercial Pt/C.

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Structure and Activity of Carbon-Supported Pt−Co Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction

Cited by 212 publications

References 48 publications

Recent Advances in Carbon Supported Metal Nanoparticles Preparation for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Low Temperature Fuel Cells

Recent Advances in Carbon Supported Metal Nanoparticles Preparation for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Low Temperature Fuel Cells

Nanostructured Pt-alloy electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction

Preparation and characterisation of carbon-supported palladium nanoparticles for oxygen reduction in low temperature PEM fuel cells

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