Structure and Activity of Ni- and Sb–doped SnO₂Ozone Anodes

Identification of the Mechanism of Electrocatalytic Ozone Generation on Ni/Sb-SnO2

“…The steady state absorbance at 258 nm was used to calculate the ozone current efficiency, assuming an extinction coefficient of 3000 M -1 cm -1 . 20…”

Deposition efficiency in the preparation of ozone-producing nickel and antimony doped tin oxide anodes

“…An intriguing aspect of the material was that a very small concentration of nickel added to the mixed oxide yielded an electrode that made it possible to produce ozone at low anode potentials (2.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl) at room temperature and at relatively high current efficiencies (∼30 %) while the current efficiency was almost 0 % in the absence of nickel. Since then, several groups have studied the material and current efficiencies of up to 54 % at potentials below 3 V vs. Ag/AgCl have been reported [7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The minimum energy demand found so far is 18 kWh/kg O3 [7] which, to our knowledge, is the lowest value reported for the electrochemical formation of ozone and is moreover low enough to compete with the CCD process.…”

“…The actual composition of these doped tin oxide coatings has proven difficult to determine [9,13,14,18,23] using XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) or EDX (Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis), probably due to low nickel concentrations and the overlap of the tin and antimony spectral lines. Some studies have however reported measured compositions of their oxide coatings: Cheng et al [8] determined the Sn:Sb ratio of their coating to 7:1 using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma -mass spectrometry), far from the composition in the prepared precursor solution of 65:1.…”

“…The metal salts SnCl45H2O, SbCl3 and NiCl26H2O were dissolved in alcohol to the molar ratios of 1000: (16)(17)(18)(19)(20):(2-6) (Sn:Sb:Ni) [7,[9][10][11][12][13]15]. This precursor solution is then coated on a pre-treated titanium substrate (foil or mesh) by brush, dip or spray coating.…”

Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Nickel‐Doped Tin Dioxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Solvothermal Method

“…More recently, Ni‐doped SnO 2 nanospheres have been synthesized by hydrothermal method, which could be used as anode material for lithium ion batteries . Besides this, Ni‐doped SnO 2 anodes also show electrocatalytic activity for ozone evolution …”