Structure and chemistry of crankcase and exhaust soot extracted from diesel engines

Sharma, Vibhu; Uy, Dairene; Gangopadhyay, Arup; O׳Neill, Ann E.; Paxton, William A.; Sammut, Alex; Ford, Monica A.; Aswath, Pranesh B.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.03.024

Cited by 66 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Thus, Raman spectrum showed the presence of graphite form of carbon presents in the diesel soot along with disorderness due to the presence of functional groups, ionic impurities, and amorphous carbon. The ratio (where, G is the intensity of G-band and D is the intensity of sum of D1, D3, and D4 bands) provides the ratio of graphite to the disordered graphite content in the diesel soot 27,28 . More detailed information can be extracted by examining the contributions from different disordered forms of carbon, i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel soot coated non-woven fabric for oil-water separation and adsorption applications

Sharma

Singh

Vaish

2019

Sci Rep

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The diesel soot (DS) coated non-woven fabric was studied for oil-water separation along with the adsorption of dyes, detergents, and pharmaceuticals. The DS coated non-woven fabric showed more than 95% separation efficiency and consistent repeatable performance during oil-water separation experiment. In addition to this, the DS coated non-woven fabric of 17.2 cm 2 area successfully adsorbed ~85%, 97%, and 100% methylene blue (MB) dye, ciprofloxacin, and detergent, respectively from their respective solutions within 30 min, which was not possible using uncoated non-woven fabric. The DS coated non-woven fabric was found to be hydrophobic with the contact angle of 140° which was almost invariant upto 60 °C. Hence, the DS coated non-woven fabric showed promising performance in the oil-water separation and adsorption applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel soot coated non-woven fabric for oil-water separation and adsorption applications

Sharma

Singh

Vaish

2019

Sci Rep

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“…While the surface crystalline regions decomposed under the electron beam, indicating volatiles as their source, the small particles here remained without any sign of decomposition. For diesel soot-in-oil, Sharma et al [55] also found crystalline regions within particles with EDX spectroscopy measurements pointing towards lubricant oil and engine wear. EDX spectroscopy measurements of the crystalline regions in amorphous particles (Fig.…”

Section: Hrtemmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…3) show traces of various elements (Table 1). Ca, S, and P are commonly associated with additives in the lubricating oil, while Fe, Cr, and O likely stem from the engine wear [18,55,56]. However, Fe and Cr might also be detected due to scattering from the microscope pole piece.…”

Section: Hrtemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative nanostructure analysis of gasoline turbocharged direct injection and diesel soot-in-oil with carbon black

Pfau

Rocca

Haffner-Staton

et al. 2018

Carbon

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a b s t r a c tTwo gasoline turbocharged direct injection (GTDI) and two diesel soot-in-oil samples were compared with one flame-generated soot sample. High resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging was employed for the initial qualitative assessment of the soot morphology. Carbon black and diesel soot both exhibit core-shell structures, comprising an amorphous core surrounded by graphene layers; only diesel soot has particles with multiple cores. In addition to such particles, GTDI soot also exhibits entirely amorphous structures, of which some contain crystalline particles only a few nanometers in diameter. Subsequent quantification of the nanostructure by fringe analysis indicates differences between the samples in terms of length, tortuosity, and separation of the graphitic fringes. The shortest fringes are exhibited by the GTDI samples, whilst the diesel soot and carbon black fringes are 9.7% and 15.1% longer, respectively. Fringe tortuosity is similar across the internal combustion engine samples, but lower for the carbon black sample. In contrast, fringe separation varies continuously among the samples. Raman spectroscopy further confirms the observed differences. The GTDI soot samples contain the highest fraction of amorphous carbon and defective graphitic structures, followed by diesel soot and carbon black respectively. The A D1 :A G ratios correlate linearly with both the fringe length and fringe separation.

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“…The Raman parameter I D /I G of partially oxidized PM sampled at different tailpipe positions was different greatly, and the parameter increased then decreased with increasing tailpipe length. The parameter was closely related to engine operation conditions and fuel properties; however, the tendency was inconsistent 3,4,46,47 . The parameter changes of the three samples after aging in air were inconsistent that it decreased for samples 1 and 2, while it increased for sample 3.…”

Section: Raman Spectra Analysis Of Diesel Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation Activity Restoration of Diesel Particulate Matter by Aging in Air

Gao

Tian

et al. 2018

Energy Fuels

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Diesel particulate matter (PM) was collected at different tailpipe positions where the sampling temperature was different. The PM samples were pre-treated in air at high temperature until 40% mass loss. Then, the partially oxidized PM samples were aged in air for 40 days, and the physicochemical properties of partially oxidized PM before and after aging in air were tested. The results showed that the oxidation activity of partially oxidized PM was appreciably restored by aging in air. The morphology, diameter distribution of primary particles and nanostructures of partially oxidized PM changed slightly after aging in air. The amorphous carbon adsorbing on PM surface were faintly observed through high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images. The adsorption of oxygen-containing functional groups (carbonyl and hydroxy) and organic compounds were evidenced through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman parameter A D3 /A G. The crystallite size calculated using Raman parameter decreased slightly after aging in air.

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Structure and chemistry of crankcase and exhaust soot extracted from diesel engines

Cited by 66 publications

References 52 publications

Diesel soot coated non-woven fabric for oil-water separation and adsorption applications

Diesel soot coated non-woven fabric for oil-water separation and adsorption applications

Comparative nanostructure analysis of gasoline turbocharged direct injection and diesel soot-in-oil with carbon black

Oxidation Activity Restoration of Diesel Particulate Matter by Aging in Air

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