Structure and conformation of poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, in the trigonal form of the PEO-urea complex at 173 K

Chenite, A.; Brisse, F.

doi:10.1021/ma00009a015

Cited by 77 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…It has been reported that adding urea into the PEO film promotes crystallinity via formation of the highly crystallized complexes. Particularly, formation of specific complexes between PEO and urea was reported in 37,38 for the two PEO:urea molar ratios 3:2 and 4:9. The two complexes were suggested to be of a layered or channel type.…”

Section: Effects Of Additives On the Properties Of Polymer Electrolyte-mentioning

confidence: 98%

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO₄Cathode and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Liu¹,

Gorgutsa²,

Santato³

et al. 2012

J. Electrochem. Soc.

124

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Here we report fabrication of flexible and stretchable battery composed of strain free LiFePO 4 cathode, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode and a solid poly ethylene oxide (PEO) electrolyte as a separator layer. The battery is developed in a view of smart textile applications. Featuring solid thermoplastic electrolyte as a key enabling element this battery is potentially extrudable or drawable into fibers or thin stripes which are directly compatible with the weaving process used in smart textile fabrication. The paper first details the choice of materials, fabrication and characterisation of electrodes and a separator layer. Then the battery is assembled and characterised, and finally, a large battery sample made of several long strips is woven into a textile, connectorized with conductive threads, and characterised. Two practical aspects of battery design are investigated in details: first is making composites of cathode/anode material with optimized ratio of conducting carbon and polymer binder material, and second is battery performance including cycling, reversibility, and compatibility of the cathode/anode materials. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.020204jes] All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted September 22, 2011; revised manuscript received December 6, 2011. Published January 19, 2012 With the rapid development of micro and nanotechnologies and driven by the need to increase the value of conventional textile products, fundamental and applied research into smart textiles has recently flourished. Generally speaking, textiles are defined as "smart" if they can respond to the environmental stimulus, such as mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, and magnetic. Many applications of "smart" textiles stem from the combination of textiles and electronics (e-textiles). Most of the "smart" functionalities in the early prototypes of e-textiles were enabled by integrating conventional rigid electronic devices into a textile matrix. The fundamental incompatibility of the rigid electronic components and a soft textile matrix create a significant barrier for spreading of this technology into wearables. This problem motivated many recent efforts into the development of soft electronics for truly wearable smart textile. This implies that the electronic device must be energy efficient to limit the size of the battery used to power it. Needless to say that to drive all the electronics in a smart textile one needs an efficient, lightweight and flexible battery source. Ideally, such a source will be directly in the form of a fiber that can be naturally integrated into smart textile during weaving.Broadly speaking, the advancements in flexible batteries have been in the following categories: (a) flexible organic conducting polymers, 1-4 (b) bendable fuel cells, 5 (c) polymer solar cells 6-8 and (d) flexible lithium polymer batteries. [9][10][11][12] Recently, a rechargeable textile battery was created by Bhattacharya et al. 13 It was fabricated on a textile substrate by applying a conductive polymeric coating dir...

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Section: Effects Of Additives On the Properties Of Polymer Electrolyte-mentioning

confidence: 98%

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO₄Cathode and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Liu¹,

Gorgutsa²,

Santato³

et al. 2012

J. Electrochem. Soc.

124

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“…(a)13 C CPMAS NMR spectrum for PEO-UREA supramolecular crystal at 213 K and the crystal structure determined by XRD 3. (/) Spinning-side bands.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Geometry and Kinetics of Polymer Confined in Self-Assembly via Cooperative Hydrogen Bonding: A Solid-State NMR Study under Paramagnetic Doping

Miyoshi

2010

Macromolecules

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Well-defined arrangements of the secondary intermolecular interactions play important roles for the design of new materials, which leads to unique self-assemblies consisting of multicomponent molecules with different sizes and shapes. Much work has gone into characterizing the static structures of such selfassembled systems. 1 Cooperative secondary interactions influence the molecular dynamics of the components and the bulk properties. Therefore, understanding relationship between microscopic dynamics and secondary interactions in self-assemblies is an important subject in this field. 2 Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is a hydrogen acceptor and can form supramolecular crystals with a small molecule of UREA, which is a hydrogen donor, in methanol solutions. XRD revealed that two-thirds of the UREA molecules form nanochannels with a diameter of ∼1 nm, inside which isolated PEO chains and the remaining UREA molecules are included ( Figure 1a). 3 Several groups have investigated PEO dynamics in this unique morphology by conventional NMR relaxation measurements and have suggested that the dynamics of PEO is restricted by cooperative hydrogen bonding. 4,5 However, the details of the geometry and kinetics of the molecular dynamics of PEO in this supramolecular system are not well understood.Solid-state (SS) NMR techniques using magnetically anisotropic interactions can provide not only the kinetics and but also the geometry of the molecular dynamics. 6 In the past decade, various sophisticated SS-NMR techniques have been developed to investigate molecular dynamics in a wide frequency range in natural abundance. 7-11 Among them, center bands only detection of exchange (CODEX) 7,8 NMR can provide both the geometry and kinetics of molecular dynamics in a slow range and has been successfully applied to investigate the molecular dynamics of small molecules, 7 polymers, 12-14 liquid crystals, 15 and polymer blends. 16 However, this robust technique suffers from low NMR sensitivity, which has limited its application in chemically complex systems and/or systems with long T 1H values. Recently, Wickramasinghe et al. proposed a simple approach using paramagnetic doping for sensitivity enhancement. 17 Adding a small amount of a paramagnetic compound into a protein crystal could effectively shorten the T 1H value without disturbing the structures. Similar strategies may be applicable to self-assemblied systems. In this Communication, CODEX NMR and paramagnetic doping have been used to elucidate the dynamic nature of PEO in a PEO-UREA supramolecular system in natural abundance. Figure 1a shows the 13 C CPMAS NMR spectrum for PEO-UREA supramolecules at 213 K and their structures. PEO shows a very sharp 13 C signal at 70 ppm. The single resonance supports the result the PEO chains adopt a uniform 4 1 helical conformation which was obtained by XRD. 3 The observed single resonance is in stark contrast to a bulk PEO signal, which has multiple splitting on its 13 C signal (Figure 2b). Using 13 C-13 C double quantum NMR combined with relaxation...

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“…with urea, [9][10][11] mercuric chloride, 12 cyclodextrins, 13 etc. In their urea inclusion complexes, polymers are packed in onedimensional channels constructed from an essentially infinite three-dimensional network of hydrogen-bonded urea molecules.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Oriented Electrospun Fibers of Self-Assembled Inclusion Complexes of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Urea

Liu

Pellerin

2006

Macromolecules

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Structure and conformation of poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, in the trigonal form of the PEO-urea complex at 173 K

Cited by 77 publications

References 2 publications

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO₄Cathode and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO₄Cathode and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Dynamic Geometry and Kinetics of Polymer Confined in Self-Assembly via Cooperative Hydrogen Bonding: A Solid-State NMR Study under Paramagnetic Doping

Highly Oriented Electrospun Fibers of Self-Assembled Inclusion Complexes of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Urea

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Structure and conformation of poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, in the trigonal form of the PEO-urea complex at 173 K

Cited by 77 publications

References 2 publications

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO4Cathode and Li4Ti5O12Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO4Cathode and Li4Ti5O12Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Dynamic Geometry and Kinetics of Polymer Confined in Self-Assembly via Cooperative Hydrogen Bonding: A Solid-State NMR Study under Paramagnetic Doping

Highly Oriented Electrospun Fibers of Self-Assembled Inclusion Complexes of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Urea

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Product

Resources

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Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO₄Cathode and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO₄Cathode and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles