“…However, entirely inorganic sol-gel coatings are also proposed as protective layers enhancing both cytocompatibility and corrosion resistance of the coated implants. In particular, sol-gel ZrO 2 [130], ZrO 2 SiO 2 [131], Nb 2 O 5 [132] SrO-SiO 2 -TiO 2 [133], or TiO 2 -based coatings [134][135][136][137][138][139][140] have been proposed to improve the corrosion resistance of several metal substrates, such as steels [130,137,140], titanium grade 4 [131], Ti6Al4V [134,138], NiTi alloy [133,139], and Mg-based alloy [135,136]. Liu et al [67], Cheng et al [141], and Chiu et al [142] demonstrated that the presence of the sol-gel coatings improves NiTi alloy corrosion resistance reducing Ni release, which can cause allergenic and toxic effects when its concentration exceeds a certain level in the body.…”