Structure and Development of Medicago truncatula Pod Wall and Seed Coat

Wang, Hong Li; Grusak, Michael A.

doi:10.1093/aob/mci080

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The presence of many starch grains in the hourglass cells during embryogenesis indicates that the seed coat could synthesize nutrients for the developing embryo (WANG, GRUSAK, 2005), similar to the cells of the palisade layer, it also takes part in the mechanical resistance, and serves as a protein reservoir (MÖISE et al, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and structural characterization of contrasting colors of soybean seed coats

et al. 2015

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Seed coats provide protection to seeds and present differential traits between soybean genotypes. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and analyze the internal coat structure of soybean genotypes with contrasting seed coat color, as well as to evaluate the rate of water absorption by seeds. Four genotypes were tested: two genotypes with black seed coat (IAC and TP lines) and two genotypes with yellow seed coat (BMX Potência RR and CD 202 cultivars).The seeds of the four genotypes were grown during the 2012/0213 crop season, in a greenhouse at the Embrapa Clima Temperado -Estação Experimental Terras Baixas. After the harvest, the seeds were stored in controlled conditions for five months. After this period, concentration of phenolic compounds, antioxidant potential, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and lignin in seed coats were determined at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Internal coat structure was examined on anatomical slides and documented with image capturing software using a microscope at the Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo. Finally, water absorption of contrasting seeds was evaluated at 42 hours of imbibition. Experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey's test, at 5% probability level. Coat structure was characterized by the image analysis. Imbibition data were subjected to regression analysis. The concentration of phenolic compounds, antioxidant potential, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and lignin are higher in black coated genotypes. Their palisade layer and hourglass cells are thicker and the former are more lignified in black seed coats compared to yellow seed coats. The water gain by the seeds is dependent on the conditions in which the seeds were formed and varied between genotypes, independent of coat coloration and lignin concentration. Key words: Anthocyanins, internal structure, lignin, water absorption ResumoOs tegumentos desempenham importante função de proteção às sementes, e podem apresentar características diferenciais entre os genótipos de soja. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a composição química e analisar a estrutura interna dos tegumentos de genótipos de soja com cores contrastantes, assim como avaliar a absorção de água destas sementes. Foram testados quatro genótipos sendo dois de tegumento preto (linhagens IAC e TP) e dois de tegumento amarelo (cultivares BMX Potência RR e CD 202). Inicialmente, as sementes dos quatro genótipos foram multiplicadas, na safra 2012/2013, em casa de vegetação, na Embrapa Clima Temperado -Estação Experimental Terras Baixas. Após a colheita, as sementes ficaram armazenadas, sob condições controladas, durante cinco meses. Depois desse período, junto à UFPel, se determinou a concentração de compostos fenólicos, potencial antioxidante, antocianinas, carotenóides e lignina dos tegumentos. Também se analisou a estrutura interna destes, por meio de cortes anatômicos, sendo a docume...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and structural characterization of contrasting colors of soybean seed coats

et al. 2015

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“…Previous characterizations of M. truncatula focused on floral and pod traits (Lesins and Lesins, 1979;Benlloch et al, 2003;Wang and Grusak, 2005). Recently, Moreau et al (2006) evaluated genotypic variability in M. truncatula as a function of thermal time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Standardized Method for Analysis ofMedicago truncatulaPhenotypic Development

Bucciarelli

Hanan

Palmquist³

et al. 2006

Plant Physiology

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Medicago truncatula has become a model system to study legume biology. It is imperative that detailed growth characteristics of the most commonly used cultivar, line A17 cv Jemalong, be documented. Such analysis creates a basis to analyze phenotypic alterations due to genetic lesions or environmental stress and is essential to characterize gene function and its relationship to morphological development. We have documented morphological development of M. truncatula to characterize its temporal developmental growth pattern; developed a numerical nomenclature coding system that identifies stages in morphological development; tested the coding system to identify phenotypic differences under phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) deprivation; and created visual models using the L-system formalism. The numerical nomenclature coding system, based on a series of defined growth units, represents incremental steps in morphological development. Included is a decimal component dividing growth units into nine substages. A measurement component helps distinguish alterations that may be missed by the coding system. Growth under N and P deprivation produced morphological alterations that were distinguishable using the coding system and its measurement component. N and P deprivation resulted in delayed leaf development and expansion, delayed axillary shoot emergence and elongation, decreased leaf and shoot size, and altered root growth. Timing and frequency of flower emergence in P-deprived plants was affected. This numerical coding system may be used as a standardized method to analyze phenotypic variation in M. truncatula due to nutrient stress, genetic lesions, or other factors and should allow valid growth comparisons across geographically distant laboratories.

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“…fruits, like the vast majority of legumes, are derived from a monocarpellate pistil. By anthesis, the carpel is fused along the margin, forming a tubular structure with marginal placentation, which becomes the pod after fertilization (Benlloch et al, 2002;Wang and Grusak, 2005). To identify possible mechanisms underlying fruit coiling, we compared pod growth patterns and morphology in coiled and uncoiled fruits from four different species, Medicago truncatula, Medicago noeana, Medicago ruthenica, and Medicago polyceratia (Fig.…”

Section: Coiled Pod Morphology In Medicago Genus Correlates With Stromentioning

confidence: 99%

A Change inSHATTERPROOFProtein Lies at the Origin of a Fruit Morphological Novelty and a New Strategy for Seed Dispersal inMedicagoGenus

et al. 2013

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Angiosperms are the most diverse and numerous group of plants, and it is generally accepted that this evolutionary success owes in part to the diversity found in fruits, key for protecting the developing seeds and ensuring seed dispersal. Although studies on the molecular basis of morphological innovations are few, they all illustrate the central role played by transcription factors acting as developmental regulators. Here, we show that a small change in the protein sequence of a MADS-box transcription factor correlates with the origin of a highly modified fruit morphology and the change in seed dispersal strategies that occurred in Medicago, a genus belonging to the large legume family. This protein sequence modification alters the functional properties of the protein, affecting the affinities for other protein partners involved in high-order complexes. Our work illustrates that variation in coding regions can generate evolutionary novelties not based on gene duplication/subfunctionalization but by interactions in complex networks, contributing also to the current debate on the relative importance of changes in regulatory or coding regions of master regulators in generating morphological novelties.

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Structure and Development of Medicago truncatula Pod Wall and Seed Coat

Abstract: This characterization provides a needed understanding of pod structure and development in this model legume, and should facilitate various molecular investigations into legume fruit and seed biology.

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

Chemical composition and structural characterization of contrasting colors of soybean seed coats

Chemical composition and structural characterization of contrasting colors of soybean seed coats

A Standardized Method for Analysis ofMedicago truncatulaPhenotypic Development

A Change inSHATTERPROOFProtein Lies at the Origin of a Fruit Morphological Novelty and a New Strategy for Seed Dispersal inMedicagoGenus

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