Structure and efficiency of energy use in a reforming economy: The case of Estonia

Khrushch, Marta; Sheinbaum, Claudia; Vorsatz, Diana; Martinot, Eric; Salay, Jürgen

doi:10.2172/10195046

“…But in comparison with countries of similar per-capita incomes, FSU countries have a relatively higher per-capita volume of housing stock, leading some to conclude that FSU countries are now "overhoused" relative to their economic ability to support this housing stock (World Bank 1995). Kazakevicius et al 1996;Schipper and Martinot 1993;Schipper et al 1994;World Bank 1994b; other World Bank data.…”

Section: Residential Buildings Energy Consumption and District Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Space Heat and Hot Water. Space heat and hot water typically account for about twothirds to three-quarters of total residential energy consumption (Battelle 1996b, Kazakevicius et al 1996;Schipper et al 1994;Nekrasov et al 1993). Most space heat to multifamily buildings is supplied from district-heating systems (either centralized systems serving many buildings or local systems serving just a few).…”

Section: Residential Buildings Energy Consumption and District Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investments to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Existing Residential Buildings in Countries of the Former Soviet Union

Martinot¹

1997

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Investments to improve the energy efficiency of existing residential buildings in countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) are an important adjunct to fundamental housing-sector transitions that have been underway since the demise of the centrally planned Soviet economy in 1991. This report analyzes the linkages between energy efficiency investments in multifamily buildings in FSU countries and the institutional, policy, and social aspects of those housingsector transitions. Energy efficiency improvements can have a large impact on the speed and extent of these transitions; conversely, many features of these transitions enable or constrain energy efficiency investments. There are large technical opportunities to improve the energy efficiency of multifamily residential buildings with attractive financial returns. These returns are not difficult to achieve technically; the key challenges are financial, social and institutional in nature. As energy efficiency investments in residential buildings are considered and implemented, several types of energy-related policy development and capacity building may be necessary to create the proper incentives, overcome transaction barriers, and provide the maximum returns from those investments. Investment project designs should provide flexibility, controlled experimentation, tenant participation, and adequate technical, institutional and social monitoring and evaluation. A "systemic view" of district-heating systems is necessary, in which technical and policy changes on both the supply and demand sides are considered simultaneously. Future research and project preparation activities are also needed. This report captures the substantial experience accumulated by the World Bank during preparation of several lending projects in FSU countries from 1994 to 1996. This experience covers both the broader housing-sector transitions taking place in these countries and the specific technical, economic, social, and institutional aspects of energy efficiency improvements. The report is intended for policy makers, multilateral and bilateral agency staff, private-sector managers, and others tackling housing and energy problems in FSU countries.

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“…In fact, detailed energy balances showing final demands by fuel and by sector were generally "secret," and even elementary quantities, like the numbers of households per dwelling, were often unpublished. Research at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) provided the first published analysis of the structure of energy use in the former Soviet Union (Cooper and Schipper 1991;Schipper and Martinot 1993) and later Poland (Meyers, Schipper, and Salay 1994;Meyers, Salay, and Schipper 1994) and Estonia (Schipper and Martinot 1994;Schipper, Martinot, and Khrushch 1995;. In every one of these studies, the inefficiencies of energy use emerged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

99/02209 The residential space heating problem in Lithuania

1999

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

0

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Several important problems are associated with heating of housing in Lithuania. Residential heating is heavily dependent on fossil fuel, combustion of which contributes to air pollution and atmospheric build-up of carbon dioxide. Subsidies from the State budget to maintain the residential heat price at a below-cost level declined in recent years, but are often still substantial. Eliminating subsidies for heat is politically difficult. Many households face difficulty in paying their heating bill, which has risen greatly in real terms in the past five years. The problem is amplified since most households in apartments are billed on the basis of their floor area, not on real heat consumption. The magnitude of the above problems is heightened by the inefficient manner in which energy is used to heat most residential buildings. This ineffiaency concern losses in transmission and distribution of district heat, high losses through the building envelopes, as well as lack of proper metering and control of district heat. Improving the energy efficiency of heating is recognized as a n important goal for addressing the problems outlined above.This report describes housing and space heating in Lithuania. It discusses the process of privatization and how it affects heating energy use, as well as implementation of conservation measures and retrofitting. It also discusses some of the measures undertaken by both property owners and by governmental agencies that affect heating energy use. The report summarizes results from a number of recent studies of the potential for energy savings in heating Lithuanian multifamily buildings. We discuss barriers to realization of the potential, and institutional and financial approaches for overcoming them. In closing we recommend actions that should be taken soon to move Lithuanian housing along a path to greater energy effiaency.

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“…Research at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) provided the first published analysis of the structure of energy use in the former Soviet Union (Cooper and schipper 1991;Schipper and Martinot 1993) and later Poland (Meyers, Schipper, and Salay 1994;Meyers, Salay, and Schipper 1994) and Estonia (Schipper and Martinot 1994;Schipper, Martinot, and Khrushch 1995;. In every one of these studies, the ineffiaenaes of energy use emerged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The residential space heating problem in Lithuania

Kazakevicius

¹

,

Meyers

²

1996

Self Cite

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Several important problems are associated with heating of housing in Lithuania. Residential heating is heavily dependent on fossil fuel, combustion of which contributes to air pollution and atmospheric build-up of carbon dioxide. Subsidies from the State budget to maintain the residential heat price at a below-cost level declined in recent years, but are often still substantial. Eliminating subsidies for heat is politically difficult. Many households face difficulty in paying their heating bill, which has risen greatly in real terms in the past five years. The problem is amplified since most households in apartments are billed on the basis of their floor area, not on real heat consumption. The magnitude of the above problems is heightened by the inefficient manner in which energy is used to heat most residential buildings. This ineffiaency concern losses in transmission and distribution of district heat, high losses through the building envelopes, as well as lack of proper metering and control of district heat. Improving the energy efficiency of heating is recognized as a n important goal for addressing the problems outlined above.This report describes housing and space heating in Lithuania. It discusses the process of privatization and how it affects heating energy use, as well as implementation of conservation measures and retrofitting. It also discusses some of the measures undertaken by both property owners and by governmental agencies that affect heating energy use. The report summarizes results from a number of recent studies of the potential for energy savings in heating Lithuanian multifamily buildings. We discuss barriers to realization of the potential, and institutional and financial approaches for overcoming them. In closing we recommend actions that should be taken soon to move Lithuanian housing along a path to greater energy effiaency.

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Structure and efficiency of energy use in a reforming economy: The case of Estonia

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Investments to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Existing Residential Buildings in Countries of the Former Soviet Union

Investments to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Existing Residential Buildings in Countries of the Former Soviet Union

99/02209 The residential space heating problem in Lithuania

The residential space heating problem in Lithuania

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