Structure and electrical conductivity of 0.5CSBT-0.5BFO ceramics sintered in air and N2

Cost-effective Bi2WO6 for efficient degradation of rhodamine B and tetracycline

“…Two different sets of peaks were detected near the binding energies (BEs) of 164.6 eV and 159.3 eV for the samples, which were attributed to Bi 4 f 5/2 and Bi 4 f 7/2 [ 23 ]. The orbital dipole splitting energy was BE(Bi 4 f 5/2 )-BE(Bi 4 f 7/2 ) = 5.3 eV, which corresponded to the + 3 valence oxidation state of the Bi ion and demonstrated that Bi 3+ was the dominant Bi form in the BWO samples [ 24 ]. Figure 6 c shows two peaks near 37.7 eV and 35.6 eV, corresponding to 4 f 5/2 and 4 f 7/2 of W, characteristic of W 6+ in the WO 4 octahedron [ 25 ].…”

Effect of ZnSnO3 on dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 ceramics

“…[16][17][18][19] The ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the ceramic are largely dependent on the synthesis process, grain size, surface morphology, elemental composition, and sintering temperature. [20][21][22][23] For instance, 645 nm (average grain) sized SBT ceramics obtained by the sol-gel route have shown the highest remanent polariza-tion (2P r = 16.4 μC/cm 2 ) as well as the highest piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 = 22 pCN −1 ) when compared to that of 115 nm (2P r = 0.98 μC/cm 2 and d 33 = 10 pCN −1 ) and 1427 nm (2P r = 13.1 μC/cm 2 and d 33 = 17 pCN −1 ) sized SBT ceramics obtained by the same method. 20 The ferroelectric and dielectric properties of this ceramic can be tuned or improved by A-site, and B-site substitutions, with sintering aids, making solid solutions with other ferroelectric materials or composites.…”

“…From an application point of view, especially ferroelectric nonvolatile random access memory devices as well as high‐temperature piezoelectric devices; SBT is the most promising candidate without any hazardous constituents 16–19 . The ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the ceramic are largely dependent on the synthesis process, grain size, surface morphology, elemental composition, and sintering temperature 20–23 . For instance, 645 nm (average grain) sized SBT ceramics obtained by the sol–gel route have shown the highest remanent polarization (2 P r = 16.4 μC/cm 2 ) as well as the highest piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 = 22 pCN −1 ) when compared to that of 115 nm (2 P r = 0.98 μC/cm 2 and d 33 = 10 pCN −1 ) and 1427 nm (2 P r = 13.1 μC/cm 2 and d 33 = 17 pCN −1 ) sized SBT ceramics obtained by the same method 20 .…”