Structure and electrocatalytic performance of carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles

Esparbé, Isaac; Brillas, Enric; Centellas, Francesc; Garrido, José Antonio; Rodrı́guez, Rosa Marı́a; Arias, Conchita; Cabot, Pere Lluı́s

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.01.075

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The CO stripping curves for testing the CO oxidation activity and tolerance were performed in 0.5 M H2SO4, where CO gas was bubbled through the solution for 15 min, setting the electrode potential at 0.1 V. After removing the dissolved CO by N2 bubbling through the solution for 30 min, CO was oxidized by sweeping the potential from 0.0 to 1.0 V at 20 mV s −1 without stirring. The electrochemically active area (ECSA) was estimated, taking into account that the oxidation of a CO monolayer on polycrystalline Pt needs 420 µC cm −2 [16,57]. After CO stripping, the activity of the Pt(Cu)/C and the Pt-Ru(Cu)/C catalysts was recovered, as shown by consecutive cyclic voltammograms, which retraced those obtained before the CO adsorption.…”

Section: Working Electrodes and Electrochemical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of Pt used could also be decreased in this form, because it is expensive and has a limited abundance in the Earth [3,7,8,11,[16][17][18]. In this way, Pt-Ru and Pt alloy nanoparticles containing Au, Ni, Cu, Co, Pd, and/or other transition metals have been tested on different carbon substrates as anodic catalysts [1,2,6,[9][10][11]13,16,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pt(IV) and Ru(III) species or their carbonyl complexes can be reduced in ethylenglycol or formate solutions [11,13,30], also using in some cases oil in water microemulsions [31], microwave radiation [15], or galvanic exchange [32][33][34]. However, carbon blacks and active carbons have been the mostly employed supports for low-temperature fuel cells due to their unique characteristics of high surface area, electric conductivity, porosity, stability, and low cost [1,3,10,16,22,30,35,36]. The morphology and size distribution of carbon black particles depend on the raw material and on the thermal decomposition process utilized in the synthesis procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Oxidation of the Carbon Support to Synthesize Pt(Cu) and Pt-Ru(Cu) Core-Shell Electrocatalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells

Caballero-Manrique¹,

Brillas²,

Centellas³

et al. 2015

Catalysts

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Abstract:The synthesis of core-shell Pt(Cu) and Pt-Ru(Cu) electrocatalysts allows for a reduction in the amount of precious metal and, as was previously shown, a better CO oxidation performance can be achieved when compared to the nanoparticulated Pt and Pt-Ru ones. In this paper, the carbon black used as the support was previously submitted to electrochemical oxidation and characterized by XPS. The new catalysts thus prepared were characterized by HRTEM, FFT, EDX, and electrochemical techniques. Cu nanoparticles were generated by electrodeposition and were further transformed into Pt(Cu) and Pt-Ru(Cu) core-shell nanoparticles by successive galvanic exchange with Pt and spontaneous deposition of Ru species, the smallest ones being 3.3 nm in mean size. The onset potential for CO oxidation was as good as that obtained for the untreated carbon, with CO stripping peak potentials about 0.1 and 0.2 V more negative than those corresponding to Pt/C and Ru-decorated Pt/C, respectively. Carbon oxidation yielded an additional improvement in the catalyst performance, because the ECSA values for hydrogen adsorption/desorption were much higher than those obtained for the non-oxidized carbon. This suggested a higher accessibility of the Pt sites in spite of having the same nanoparticle structure and mean size. OPEN ACCESSCatalysts 2015, 5 816

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Section: Working Electrodes and Electrochemical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Oxidation of the Carbon Support to Synthesize Pt(Cu) and Pt-Ru(Cu) Core-Shell Electrocatalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells

Caballero-Manrique¹,

Brillas²,

Centellas³

et al. 2015

Catalysts

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“…The reported average diameters of Pt and PtRu particles were 2.5 nm [31] and 2.7 nm [32], respectively. The metal loading on the electrode was 20 g cm −2 for both Pt/C and PtRu/C.…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ru Ti1−O2 as the support for Pt nanoparticles: Electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation

Obradović

Lačnjevac

Babić³

et al. 2015

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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a b s t r a c tTwo binary Ru-Ti oxides, Ru 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 2 and Ru 0.7 Ti 0.3 O 2 , were synthesized by the sol-gel method and used as an electrocatalyst support. The system was characterized by XRD, EDS, TEM and cyclic voltammetry. The Ru 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 2 and Ru 0.7 Ti 0.3 O 2 consist of two phases of anatase and rutile structure. An average size of the Pt nanoparticles supported on them is ∼3.5 nm and they are deposited on both Ru and Ti-rich domains. The supports exhibited good conductivity and electrochemical stability. The onset potentials of CO ads oxidation on the synthesized catalysts and on commercial PtRu/C are similar to each other and lower than that on Pt/C. This suggests that in Pt/Ru 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 2 and Pt/Ru 0.7 Ti 0.3 O 2 the Pt nanoparticles are in close contact with Ru atoms from the support, which enables the bifunctional mechanism. The activity and stability of the catalysts for methanol oxidation were examined under potentiodynamic and potentiostatic conditions. While the activity of Pt/Ru 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 2 is unsatisfactory, the performance of Pt/Ru 0.7 Ti 0.3 O 2 is comparable to PtRu/C. For example, in the potentiostatic test at 0.5 V the activities after 25 min are 0.035 mA cm −2 and 0.022 mA cm −2 for Pt/Ru 0.7 Ti 0.3 O 2 and PtRu/C, respectively. In potentiodynamic test the activities at 0.5 V after 250 cycles are around 0.02 mA cm −2 for both catalysts.

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“…Experimentally reported values are very variable as it depends on many factors, and our value fits within the range of the reported values. [84][85][86][87] It must be kept in mind that the experimental value and our own value are very dependent on how the system is made. These differences can cause very large changes in the amount of surface area that a moiety occupies.…”

Section: Platinum Surface Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Final Project Report: Development of Micro-Structural Mitigation Strategies for PEM Fuel Cells: Morphological Simulations and Experimental Approaches

Wessel¹,

Harvey²

2013

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The overall objectives of this project were to improve the understanding of the design space of fuel cell materials and components and to recommend degradation mitigation strategies that facilitate the achievement of the 2020 technical targets. The deliverables from this project to the public, fuel cell community, and DOE are an open-source code fuel cell performance and durability model including a user-guide for dissemination and use within the public domain, and catalyst layer performance and durability correlations with identification of the design spaces relevant to improved durability.The project was led by Ballard Material Products via a direct subcontract to Ballard Power Systems and included critical contributions from the other subcontractors: Georgia Institute of Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Michigan Technical University, Queen's University/University of Calgary, and the University of New Mexico. Ballard's work, which encompassed the development of the performance and degradation models as well as experimental investigation for model validation and the correlation/durability window development, was carried out at Ballard Power Systems' facility in Burnaby, B.C., Canada.Ballard recognizes the significant contribution made by each of the project collaborators and their respective team members. As well, Ballard recognizes the support provided from the DOE project managers, Dr. David Peterson and Kathi Epping Martin, and the project technical advisor, Dr. John Kopasz.The work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. DE-EE0000466Ballard Material Products Inc. Chapter IPage iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe durability of PEM fuel cells is a primary requirement for large scale commercialization of these power systems in transportation and stationary market applications that target operational lifetimes of 5,000 hours and 40,000 hours by 2015, respectively. Key degradation modes contributing to fuel cell lifetime limitations have been largely associated with the platinum-based cathode catalyst layer. Furthermore, as fuel cells are driven to low cost materials and lower catalyst loadings in order to meet the cost targets for commercialization, the catalyst durability has become even more important. While over the past few years significant progress has been made in identifying the underlying causes of fuel cell degradation and key parameters that greatly influence the degradation rates, many gaps with respect to knowledge of the driving mechanisms still exist; in particular, the acceleration of the mechanisms due to different structural compositions and under different fuel cell conditions remains an area not well understood.The focus of this project was to address catalyst durability by using a dual path approach that coupled an extensive range of experimental analysis and testing with a multi-scale modeling approach. With this, the major technical areas/issues of catalyst and catalyst layer performance and durability that were addressed are:1. Catalyst and ca...

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Structure and electrocatalytic performance of carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Electrochemical Oxidation of the Carbon Support to Synthesize Pt(Cu) and Pt-Ru(Cu) Core-Shell Electrocatalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells

Electrochemical Oxidation of the Carbon Support to Synthesize Pt(Cu) and Pt-Ru(Cu) Core-Shell Electrocatalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells

Ru Ti1−O2 as the support for Pt nanoparticles: Electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation

Final Project Report: Development of Micro-Structural Mitigation Strategies for PEM Fuel Cells: Morphological Simulations and Experimental Approaches

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