Structure and emplacement of mud volcano systems in the South Caspian Basin

Stewart, Simon; Davies, Richard J.

doi:10.1306/11220505045

Cited by 141 publications

(138 citation statements)

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“…The volcanoes can be longlived features, composed of a series of mud "cones," which indicate a pulsed eruptive history (Evans et al, 2007) that can occur over 10 4 -10 6 yr time spans. The term "mud volcano system" was coined by Stewart and Davies (2006) to describe the set of structures associated with a constructional edifice (mud volcano) and feeder complex that connects the volcano to its source stratigraphic unit ( Fig. 2A).…”

Section: Mud Volcano Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One prerequisite for this long-term recycling process is the development of elevated pore fluid pressure (overpressure). The excess fluid provides the required energy for the breach of seals and for the transport of a fluid-sediment mix back to the surface, where it is redeposited as sediment (e.g., Stewart and Davies, 2006;Deville et al, 2006). Mud volcano systems are one of the many expressions of this process, and many have been documented globally (Kopf, 2002;Milkov, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mud volcano systems are one of the many expressions of this process, and many have been documented globally (Kopf, 2002;Milkov, 2000). Significant eruptive edifices can develop, which are often grossly similar in form to their more intensively studied igneous counterparts (Stewart and Davies, 2006), although substantially smaller. However, many of the fundamental processes involved in the recycling of buried fluid and sediment through mud volcano systems are poorly understood, and studies are still in their infancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birth of a mud volcano: East Java, 29 May 2006

Davies¹,

Swarbrick²,

Evans³

et al. 2007

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On 29 May 2006, an eruption of steam, water, and, subsequently, mud occurred in eastern Java in a location where none had been previously documented. This "pioneer" mud eruption (the first to occur at this site) appears to have been triggered by drilling of overpressured porous and permeable limestones at depths of ~2830 m below the surface. We propose that the borehole provided a pressure connection between the aquifers in the limestones and overpressured mud in overlying units. As this was not protected by steel casing, the pressure induced hydraulic fracturing, and fractures propagated to the surface, where pore fluid and some entrained sediment started to erupt. Flow rates remain high (7000-150,000 m 3 per day) after 173 days of continuous eruption (at the time of this writing), indicating that the aquifer volume is probably significant. A continued jet of fluid, driven by this aquifer pressure, has caused erosion and entrainment of the overpressured mud. As a result, we predict a caldera will form around the main vent with gentle sag-like subsidence of the region covered by the mud flow and surrounding areas. The eruption demonstrates that mud volcanoes can be initiated by fracture propagation through significant thicknesses of overburden and shows that the mud and fluid need not have previously coexisted, but can be "mixed" within unlithified sedimentary strata.

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Section: Mud Volcano Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birth of a mud volcano: East Java, 29 May 2006

Davies¹,

Swarbrick²,

Evans³

et al. 2007

Gsa Today

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“…This process has often been considered to manifest subsurface intrusive processes such as mud or shale diapirism [2]. The overpressure is produced by the organogenic activity and the subsequent methane production at depth [e. [3,13,12]. Mud volcanoes often pierce the crest of the fold anticlines bounding the eastern Kura Basin (Baku and Apsheron Peninsula areas ( Fig.…”

Section: Greater Caucasus Mud Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) [3,4], the southeast ending of the Great Caucasus (Gobustan area, Absheron Peninsula) and adjoin offshore the submerged Apsheron Sill in the South Caspian Basin (Fig. 1) [13]. Most of these mud volcanoes are thought to have begun their activity in the Pliocene around 3.5 Ma [14], thereby in close connection with the development of onshore and offshore folds that probably started to form during Early-Late Pliocene times [e.g.,14] and that are generally considered to be active.…”

Section: Greater Caucasus Mud Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of Fringe 2015: Advances in the Science and Applications of SAR Interferometry and Sentinel-1 InSAR Workshop

2015

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Mud volcanism consists in the surface extrusion of gases, saline waters and mud breccias, which produce conical edifices of various sizes with morphology similar to that of magmatic volcanoes. In this work, DInSAR technique has been used to investigate the ground deformation related to the activity of Azerbaijan mud volcanoes during the period October 2003-November 2005. This work focuses on two important deformation events at the Ayaz-Akhtarma and Khara-Zira mud volcanoes. The ground deformations at mud volcanoes are generally originated by fluid pressure and volume variations in the reservoir. The observed deformation pattern is characterized by pre-eruptive inflation that reaches a cumulative value of up to 20 cm at Ayaz-Akhtarma in about two years. Similar pre-eruptive bulging has been observed at magmatic volcanoes, where uplift is typically associated with magma intrusion. We conclude that mud and magmatic volcanoes display some similarities in the behavior of ground deformation during pre-eruptive stages.

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Episodic massive mud eruptions from submarine mud volcanoes examined through topographical signatures

Kioka

Ashi

2015

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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The role of mud volcanism on subsurface fluid migration and material cycling has long been debated. Here we compile the heights and radii of offshore mud volcanoes and estimate a mean volume of episodic massive mud eruptions based on previous studies into granular flows. The volume is estimated as a function of the ratio of height to basal radius of the mud volcano's body under reasonable assumptions of the sizes of the mud conduit. Nearly all known offshore mud volcanoes are found to be polygenetic with the mean individual eruption volume of the pie‐type mud volcano being several orders of magnitude larger than that of the cone type. The frequent occurrence of pie‐type mud volcanoes in accretionary margins characterized by high‐sediment influx is explained by their efficiency in the transport of large amounts of fluidized sediments from deep depths to the seafloor.

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Structure and emplacement of mud volcano systems in the South Caspian Basin

Cited by 141 publications

References 49 publications

Birth of a mud volcano: East Java, 29 May 2006

Birth of a mud volcano: East Java, 29 May 2006

Proceedings of Fringe 2015: Advances in the Science and Applications of SAR Interferometry and Sentinel-1 InSAR Workshop

Episodic massive mud eruptions from submarine mud volcanoes examined through topographical signatures

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