Structure and Engineering of Celluloses

Pérez, Serge; Samain, D.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2318(10)64003-6

Cited by 167 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…With about 10 11 tons of cellulose growing and disappearing annually, cellulose is the most abundant renewable organic material on earth [39]. In plant sources such as the wood of mature trees, the content of cellulose is in the order of 35% to 50%.…”

Section: Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased fibers and materials in Brazil

Valadares

2014

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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The human evolution is directly associated to the use of materials. During the last century, humanity had significant development powered by the use of fossil resources, which largely impacted the materials discovery and use. However, there are many concerns about the use of fossils, based mainly on economic and environmental issues. These concerns motivate the study, development, and use of renewable resources, including biobased materials. Brazil is one of the largest producers of agricultural commodities, which can be used to produce renewable materials. This review describes actual production of some renewable materials in Brazil and future possibilities to generate them using biomass residual streams of industrial processes.

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Section: Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased fibers and materials in Brazil

Valadares

2014

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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“…The third chapter is a submitted journal article manuscript, reporting the method of preparation of CNs from potato peel waste, Cellulose is one of the most widespread biopolymer found globally, existing in a variety of living species such as plant, animals, bacteria and some amoebas. (Perez & Samain, 2010) Natural fibers mainly consist of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose but also include low quantities of pectin, pigments and extracts. Cellulose chains are bio-synthesized by enzymes, deposited in a continuous fashion and aggregated to form microfibrils.…”

Section: Thesis Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the principal structural component of a plant's cell wall (Perez & Samain, 2010). An attractive source of cellulose for industrial uses is from agricultural waste, for instance, potato peel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals derived from potato peel waste

Chen

Lawton

Thompson

et al. 2012

Carbohydrate Polymers

226

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Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth, derived from a variety of living species. An attractive source to obtain cellulose is from agriculture wastes, for instance, potato peel. Potato is one of the most important crops for human consumption, but in recent years its consumption in raw form has decreased, especially in developed countries. Many potatoes are processed into value-added products to meet the demand of fast food industries. So far the main use of the potato peel is sold for animal feed at very low prices. In addition, there are significant quantities of rotten potatoes generated during the years of heavy rain fall, which represent a substantial financial loss to the farmers unless an alternative industrial use can be found for the biomass. Therefore, extracting cellulose from potato peel and processing them into a higher valuable product is not only an environment-friendly solution to the disposal issues but also creates a non-food based economy for potatoes.Cellulose nanocrystals (CN) are a promising material and have been widely studied over the past two decades. This material is interesting as nanofiller due to its nanoscale dimensions, high specific area, and highly rigid crystalline structure. In comparison to mineral or metal nanofillers that are industrially available, cellulose nanocrystals are prepared from renewable feedstocks, feature low density, are relatively low cost, and remain biodegradable. iv This study investigated the effectiveness of cellulose nanocrystal derived from potato peel waste to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of a polymer. The nanocrystals were chemically derived from the cellulosic material in potato peel waste by alkali treatment and subsequently acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. Infrared spectroscopy indicated sufficient removal of lignin and hemicellulose from the raw potato peel biomass whereas X-ray diffraction confirmed that the prepared nanocrystals maintained their original crystalline lattice structure as the extracted cellulose, with a crystallinity of 85%. TEM images showed that the average fiber length of the nanocrystals was 410 nm with a diameter of 10 nm (aspect ratio of 41). Cellulose nanocrystal-filled polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) were prepared by solution casting method to maintain uniform dispersion of the 1-2% (w/w) fibers. An increase of 19% and 38% (starch composite) and 32% and 54% (PVA composite) in Young's modulus was observed for the 1% and 2% CN-reinforced composites, respectively. Water vapor transmission rate measurements showed a reduction of water permeability for the PVA nanocomposite, whereas no effect was observed for starch nanocomposite.v

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“…There are four major polymorphs of cellulose: I, II, III, and IV. Cellulose I, often found in native cellulose, contains allomorphs I (bacteria and algae) and I (higher plants) (Kontturi et al, 2006;Pérez & Samain, 2010). Cellulose I, when treated with a concentrated alkaline solution, turns into cellulose II, a thermodynamically more stable crystalline form than cellulose I. Cellulose IIII can be obtained when cellulose microcrystal is subjected to supercritical ammonia.…”

Section: Cellulose and Cellulose Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%