Structure and Function of Hindquarter Presentations in Yellow Baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

Hausfater, Glenn; Takács, Dávid

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00941.x

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…One explanation is that residual fecal matter containing the eggs of T. trichiura may be carried in the animals' fur and transferred by grooming partners, making grooming an important route of transmission. In support, during mate guarding, male baboons often groom females' anogenital region, an area that presumably contains residual fecal matter and that also includes the female's sexual swelling (Hausfater and Takacs 1987). Additionally, an experimental study found that the placement of infective larvae of a gastrointestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, on a mouse host, resulted in additional infections after the infected mouse groomed uninfected mice (Hernandez 1995).…”

Section: Male Social Connectedness To Females Was the Costliest Aspecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale predictors of parasite risk in wild male savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

Habig

Jansen

Akinyi

et al. 2019

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Several factors are thought to shape male parasite risk in polygynous and polygynandrous mammals, including male-male competition, investment in potentially immunosuppressive hormones, and dispersal. Parasitism is also driven by processes occurring at larger scales, including host social groups and populations. To date, studies that test parasite-related costs of male behavior at all three scales-individual hosts, social groups, and the host population-remain rare. To fill this gap, we investigated multi-scale predictors of helminth parasitism in 97 male savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus) living in the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya over a 5-year span. Controlling for multi-scale processes, we found that many of the classic indicators of male mating effort-high dominance rank, testosterone, and glucocorticoids-did not predict helminth infection risk. However, we identified two parasite-related costs associated with male behavior: (i) socially connected males exhibited higher Trichuris trichiura egg counts and greater parasite species richness than socially isolated males and (ii) males with stable group residency exhibited higher parasite species richness than males who frequently dispersed to new social groups. At the population level, males harbored more parasites following periods of drought than rainfall. Lastly, parasites exhibited positive covariance suggesting that infection risk increases if a host already harbors one or more parasite taxa. These results indicate that multi-scale processes are important in driving male parasite risk and that some aspects of male behavior are costly. Together, our results provide an unusually holistic perspective on the drivers of parasite risk in the context of male behaviors and life histories. Significance statement Infection by gastrointestinal helminths can have major consequences for host fitness, especially in the context of male mating effort. Multi-scale processes-from the host to its social group and population-are important for understanding key drivers of parasitism. We leveraged long-term data from one of the longest running behavioral ecology studies of a wild primate population in the world, the well-studied Amboseli baboon population in Kenya. We found that traditional indicators of male mating effort (attaining high dominance rank, high testosterone and glucocorticoids) did not predict parasitism. However, male social connectedness to females, competitive group demography, and harsh weather were all associated with higher parasitism. Because socially connected males faced the highest parasite risk, males may face a tradeoff between male-female relationships and parasitism. Our results show how processes at multiple scales contribute to variation in male parasite risk.

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Section: Male Social Connectedness To Females Was the Costliest Aspecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale predictors of parasite risk in wild male savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

Habig

Jansen

Akinyi

et al. 2019

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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“…Socio-sexual behaviors [Wickler, 1967], that is, behaviors that are sexual in form but do not have a reproductive function [e.g., hindquarter presentation: Hausfater & Takacs, 1987;hold-bottom rituals: de Waal & Ren, 1988], are common in the primate order [e.g., Callithricidae: Epple, 1975; pigtailed macaques, Macaca nemestrina: Bernstein, 1980; bonobos, Pan paniscus: Kano, 1980;baboons, Papio spp. : Colmenares, 1991] and in other vertebrates [e.g., Asian elephant, Elephas maximus: Rees, 2004; bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops aduncus: Mann, 2006; bids: Poiani, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such post-conflict NRMs [Hanby, 1974] may be used to reconcile with the former opponents [Aureli et al, 1989;Castles et al, 1996;Cooper et al, 2007;Cords, 1992;Majolo et al, 2005;Matsumura, 1996] or as post-conflict affiliation between a former opponent and a third-party [Bernstein, 1969;Colmenares, 1991;Hanby, 1974;Kano, 1980;Majolo et al, 2009;Owens, 1976;Petit & Thierry, 1994;Smuts & Watanabe, 1990]. The tension-reduction hypothesis [Colmenares, 1990;Hausfater & Takacs, 1987;Smuts & Watanabe, 1990] predicts that NRMs play an important role in conflict management strategies, decreasing social tension and the likelihood for an animal to receive further aggression from the former opponent or a third-party [Aureli et al, 1994[Aureli et al, , 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functions of non‐reproductive mounts among male Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)

Faraut

Northwood

Majolo

2015

American J Primatol

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Same-sex, non-reproductive mounts have been observed in a number of primate species and in various social contexts. However, the function of non-reproductive mounts is still largely unknown. We aimed to test whether non-reproductive mounts function to assert dominance and as appeasement behavior in male Barbary macaques. We analyzed post-mount behavior in 54 macaques belonging to two captive groups at Trentham Monkey Forest in Staffordshire, using 10 min post-mount/matched-control focal sessions collected either on the mounter or the mountee. In support of the dominance assertion hypothesis, the higher-ranking male within a mounting pair was more likely to be the mounter than the mountee, and to mock bite the lower-ranking male. In support of the appeasement hypothesis, the former mounting partners were more likely to exchange grooming and to have a lower frequency of self-scratching (a measure of social tension) after a non-reproductive mount than in control sessions. Our study indicates that non-reproductive mounts have different and not mutually exclusive functions and can modulate the quality of social interactions among group members. We discuss the possible factors that can affect the occurrence of non-reproductive mounts within and between species.

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“…For example, "raising of the head" or "scanning the environment" could also be used in personal food search (Giraldeau & Caraco, 2000;Treves, 2000), monitoring of threatening group-members (Hall, 1960;Kutsukake, 2006), intra-and inter-sexual competition (Burger & Gochfeld, 1988;Jenkins, 1944), gestures between individuals (Hall, 1962;Hausfater & Takacs, 1987), movement and navigation (Mueller, Fagan, & Grimm, 2011;Treves, 2000), and scanning for prey (Cameron, 1908;Hartley, 1947). Dimond and Lazarus (1974) presented an alternative definition of vigilance from an operations research perspective, with vigilance being "a measure of the probability that an animal will detect a given stimulus at a given instant in time".…”

Section: I Gi La N Ce Te Rm I N Ology a Nd I Nt Er P Re Ta Ti On mentioning

confidence: 99%

What have we been looking at? A call for consistency in studies of primate vigilance

Allan

Hill

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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Vigilance functions to detect threats. In primates, these threats emerge from both predators and conspecifics, but a host of other social, demographic, and ecological factors have been shown to influence primate vigilance patterns. The primate vigilance literature is thus characterized by considerable variation in findings, with inconsistent or contradictory results reported not only across different species but also within species and populations across studies. Some of this variation could emerge from fundamental differences in the methods employed, making comparisons across species and groups challenging. Furthermore, identifying consistent behavioral markers for the state of vigilance appears to have proved challenging in primates, leading to a range of definitions being developed. Deviation at this level leads directly into concomitant variation at the level of sampling methodologies. As a result, the primate vigilance literature currently presents a diverse series of approaches to exploring subtly different behaviors and phenomena. This review calls for a greater consistency in studying vigilance, with the aim of encouraging future research to follow similar principles leading to more comparable results. Identifying whether an animal is in a vigilant state is challenging for most field researchers; identifying and recording a more general behavior of "looking" should though be more achievable. Experimental approaches could then be employed to understand the compatibility "looking" has with predator detection (and other threats) in individual study systems. The outcome of this approach will allow researchers to understand the key determinants of looking in their study groups and explore threat detection probabilities given an individual or group's relative level of looking.

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Structure and Function of Hindquarter Presentations in Yellow Baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

Cited by 36 publications

References 26 publications

Multi-scale predictors of parasite risk in wild male savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

Multi-scale predictors of parasite risk in wild male savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

The functions of non‐reproductive mounts among male Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)

What have we been looking at? A call for consistency in studies of primate vigilance

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