Structure and Function of Silica Bodies in the Epidermal System of Grass Shoots

Kaufman, Peter B.; Dayanandan, P.; Franklin, C. I.; Takeoka, Yoji

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086926

Cited by 125 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…6). This is consistent with evidence from the biogeological record (e.g., Agarie et al 1996;Kaufman et al, 1985;Massey et al, 2006;Neethirajan et al, 2009;Nylese et al, 2015), which also illustrates the occurrence of amorphous silica gel in the shoots and leaves of wild grasses. Grasses usually take up silica in large quantities, as it is important for their normal growth and development.…”

Section: Cretaceous Origin Of the Poaceae Family Of Grass And The Higsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Grasses usually take up silica in large quantities, as it is important for their normal growth and development. When deprived of silica, grass shoots become stunted and very weak (Kaufman et al, 1985;Takahashi 1974). The silica in grass also helps to protect them against pathogenic fungi and insect herbivores (Kaufman et al, 1985;Massey et al, 2006).…”

Section: Cretaceous Origin Of the Poaceae Family Of Grass And The Higmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When deprived of silica, grass shoots become stunted and very weak (Kaufman et al, 1985;Takahashi 1974). The silica in grass also helps to protect them against pathogenic fungi and insect herbivores (Kaufman et al, 1985;Massey et al, 2006). The high availability of silica in the Cretaceous must have played an important role in the evolution and diversification of the Poaceae family of grass.…”

Section: Cretaceous Origin Of the Poaceae Family Of Grass And The Higmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread Development of Silcrete in the Cretaceous and Evolution of the Poaceae Family of Grass Plants

Bata¹

2016

ESR

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The Cretaceous period, which is considered one of the most remarkable periods in Earth's history, saw episodes of abrupt greenhouse warming and cooling. The Cretaceous was also exceptional in that it was associated with the widespread occurrence of silcrete. To demonstrate this, the present study collated records of silcrete occurrences from the Jurassic to the present and compared them with records of variation in palaeotemperature and atmospheric CO 2 levels. Quartz solubility, which is one of the key factors that controls the rate of silcrete development, was also calculated over the same period. The results demonstrate that a marked increase (approximately 100%) in quartz solubility occurred during the Cretaceous. This was found to be a direct consequence of the extreme global warmth witnessed at that time. Furthermore, this study shows that silcrete occurrences are consistent with records of palaeotemperature and that silcretes have formed mostly in regions that have experienced warm climatic conditions, with no instances found in polar regions. The Poaceae family of grass plants are known to have evolved and diversified during the Cretaceous, which coincide with the period when silica was readily available. X-ray spectra and backscattered images from SEM examination of the internal structure of a modern wild grass (which belongs to the Poaceae family of grass plants) reveals that silica is an important constituent of the grass. This suggest a possible link between evolution of the Poaceae family in the Cretaceous and the high availability of silica during the Cretaceous.

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Section: Cretaceous Origin Of the Poaceae Family Of Grass And The Higsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Cretaceous Origin Of the Poaceae Family Of Grass And The Higmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cretaceous Origin Of the Poaceae Family Of Grass And The Higmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Widespread Development of Silcrete in the Cretaceous and Evolution of the Poaceae Family of Grass Plants

Bata¹

2016

ESR

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“…The presence and location of silicon was further confirmed with x-ray maps of various elements, including the organic materials of carbon and oxygen, and the inorganic silicon. The maps shown in Fig 1 confidently identify the expected dumbbell shaped silicon bodies [2] in red, and oxygen in blue. Due to the appearance of these bodies only at higher kV, this confirms that their location is further within the plant material and located sub dermally.…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

EDS Mapping of Sub–Surface Plant Materials Using Non–Traditional Operating Conditions

Nylese¹

2014

Microsc Microanal

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Microanalysis at non-traditional sample specific SEM operating conditions is useful when studying characteristics of the organism that are not readily apparent using traditional methods. The operating conditions are typically tailored to the tolerances of the sample being investigated, and in the case of biological plant specimens, a low kV SEM beam is routinely employed for sample surface imaging and to reduce beam damage to the tissue. This work explores SEM EDS of biological plant materials using moderate SEM beam conditions to characterize sub-surface inorganic materials within the plant tissue.

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“…Transverse sections (TS) of leaves obtained from the plants treated with 200 ppm Si and control plants were observed under light microscope and cuticle-epidermal layer thickness was measured in tissues obtained from 10 replicate leaves to determine silicon deposition in leaves after staining with silver amine chromate (Kaufman et al, 1985).…”

Section: Effect Of Silicon Application On Structural Changes In Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil application of potassium silicate reduces the intensity of downy mildew in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) leaves

Ratnayake

Daundasekera

Ariyarathne³

et al. 2016

Ceylon J. Sci.

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Effect of soluble silicon (Si) on downy mildew in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) leaves caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis was tested using three concentrations of liquid potassium silicate (100, 200, 300 mg Si/kg) added to the growing medium containing top soil, compost and sand. Disease severity, plant growth parameters, silicon accumulation on leaves and cuticle-epidermal layer thickness of transverse sections of leaves were measured. Si treated plants exhibited less disease severity than that of control plants and 200 mg Si/kg treatment resulted in highly significant disease suppression (37 -53% reduction against controls). The suppression of the disease strongly correlated with the Si accumulation in leaves. Cuticle-epidermis thickness was higher in Si-treated leaves (17.2 -21.3 µm) against non-treated (10.3 -13.81 µm). Numbers of leaves, flowers or fruits in Si treated plants were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than control plants except in 300 ppm Si level. Structural changes created by Si may at least be partly responsible for reducing the fungal disease severity in bitter gourd leaves.

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Structure and Function of Silica Bodies in the Epidermal System of Grass Shoots

Cited by 125 publications

References 13 publications

Widespread Development of Silcrete in the Cretaceous and Evolution of the Poaceae Family of Grass Plants

Widespread Development of Silcrete in the Cretaceous and Evolution of the Poaceae Family of Grass Plants

EDS Mapping of Sub–Surface Plant Materials Using Non–Traditional Operating Conditions

Soil application of potassium silicate reduces the intensity of downy mildew in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) leaves

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