Structure and function of the soil microbial community in microhabitats of a heavy metal polluted soil

Kandeler, Ellen; Tscherko, Dagmar; Bruce, Kenneth D.; Stemmer, Michael; Hobbs, P. J.; Bardgett, Richard D.; Amelung, Wulf

doi:10.1007/s003740000268

Cited by 361 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This finding is in contrast with the high sensitivity of respiration measurements to treatment of soils with heavy metals and pesticides (Kandeler et al, 2000;Tu, 2003). Significant lower respiration rates in Oxnard soils fumigated with MeBr + CP compared to recently not fumigated control soils however, may indicate a decreased biological activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Enzyme activities in agricultural soils fumigated with methyl bromide alternatives

Klose

Ajwa

2004

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Pre-plant fumigation of agricultural soils with a combination of methyl bromide (MeBr) and chloropicrin (CP) to control nematodes, soil-borne pathogens and weeds has been a common practice in strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duchesne) production since the 1960s. MeBr will be phased out by 2005, but little is known about the impacts of alternative fumigants on soil microbial processes. We investigated the response of microbial biomass and enzyme activities in soils fumigated over two years with MeBr + CP and the alternatives propargyl bromide (PrBr), InLine, Midas and CP. Results were compared to control soils, which were not fumigated for the last 4 to 5 years for Watsonville and Oxnard, respectively, but had a 10 year history of MeBr + CP fumigation (history soils). Soil samples (0-15cm) were taken from two sites in the coastal areas of California, USA, in Watsonville and Oxnard, at peak strawberry production after two years of repeated application. In addition to the soil enzymes, the activities of purified reference enzymes of β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase were assayed before and after fumigation with MeBr + CP and alternative biocides. At the Oxnard site, microbial respiration significantly decreased in soils fumigated with MeBr + CP (P = 0.036), while microbial biomass C and N showed no response to fumigation at both sites. These results may indicate that fumigation promotes the growth of resistant species or that soil microorganisms had recovered at the time of sampling. Repeated soil fumigation with MeBr + CP significantly decreased the activities of β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase at the Watsonville site, and dehydrogenase activity at the Oxnard site. Although, enzyme activities in soils fumigated with PrBr, InLine, Midas and CP were lower compared to the control soil, effects were, in general, not significant. Fumigation with MeBr + CP and alternatives reduced the activities of purified reference enzymes by 13, 76 and 28% for acid 2 phosphatase, β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase, respectively. Mean enzyme protein concentrations in fumigated agricultural soils were 2.93, 0.105, and 2.95 mg protein kg -1 soil for acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase, respectively, all lower than in control soils. Organic matter turnover and nutrient cycling, and thus, the long-term productivity of agricultural soils seem unaffected in soils repeatedly fumigated with PrBr, InLine, Midas and CP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Enzyme activities in agricultural soils fumigated with methyl bromide alternatives

Klose

Ajwa

2004

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…80N samples and SSC+80N samples clustered separately, indicating a stronger influence of these treatments on fungal community. An explanation may be that OWC+80N is (despite the nitrogen fertiliser content) a substrate similar to natural organic carbon sources (Crecchio et al 2001;Pérez-Piqueres et al 2005), whilst mineral fertiliser alone or SSC+80N are different from common organic matter sources and thus to a larger degree affect the microbial community structure (Tilman 1998;Pascual et al 1997;Six et al 1999;Kandeler et al 2000). This may be linked to a slower nutrient release compared to mineral fertiliser and sewage sludge compost 80N).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate-induced volatile organic compound emissions from compost-amended soils

et al. 2010

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The agronomic effects of composts, mineral fertiliser and combinations thereof on chemical, biological and physiological soil properties have been studied in an 18-year field experiment. The present study aimed at tracing treatment effects by evaluating the volatile organic compound (VOC) emission of the differently treated soils: non-amended control, nitrogen fertilisation and composts (produced from organic waste and sewage sludge, respectively) in combination with nitrogen fertiliser. Microbial community structure was determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Aerobic and anaerobic soil VOC emission was determined after glucose amendment using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). After inducing VOC production by substrate (glucose) addition and at the same time reducing oxygen availability to impair degradation of the produced VOCs, we were able to differentiate among the treatments. Organic waste compost did not alter the VOC emissions compared to the untreated control, whilst sewage sludge composts and mineral fertilisation showed distinct effects. This differentiation was supported by DGGE analysis of fungal 18S rDNA fragments and confirms earlier findings on bacterial communities. Three major conclusions can be drawn: (1) VOC patterns are able to discriminate among soil treatments.(2) Sewage sludge compost and mineral fertilisation have not only the strongest impact on microbial community composition but also on VOC emission patterns, but specific tracer VOCs could not be identified. (3) Future efforts should aim at a PTR-MS-linked identification of the detected masses.

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“…Interlayer NH 4 and especially microbial products that accumulate in the fine-mineral fractions (Guggenberger et al, 1994;Kandeler et al, 2000) probably contributed to this general phenomenon. The apparent turnover time of C3-derived C (calculated from Eq.…”

Section: Organic Matter In Particle-size Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Storage and stability of organic matter and fossil carbon in a Luvisol and Phaeozem with continuous maize cropping: A synthesis

Flessa

Amelung

Helfrich

et al. 2008

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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Quantitative information about the amount and stability of organic carbon (OC) in different soil organic-matter (OM) fractions and in specific organic compounds and compound-classes is needed to improve our understanding of organic-matter sequestration in soils. In the present paper, we summarize and integrate results performed on two different arable soils with continuous maize cropping (a) Stagnic Luvisol with maize cropping for 24 y, b) Luvic Phaeozem with maize cropping for 39 y) to identify (1) the storage of OC in different soil organic-matter fractions, (2) the function of these fractions with respect to soil-OC stabilization, (3) the importance and partitioning of fossil-C deposits, and (4) the rates of soil-OC stabilization as assessed by compound-specific isotope analyses. The fractionation procedures included particle-size fractionation, density fractionation, aggregate fractionation, acid hydrolysis, different oxidation procedures, isolation of extractable lipids and phospholipid fatty acids, pyrolysis, and the determination of black C. Stability of OC was determined by 13 C and 14 C analyses. The main inputs of OC were plant litter (both sites) and deposition of fossil C likely from coal combustion and lignite dust (only Phaeozem). Total soil OC stocks down to a depth of 65 cm (7.83 kg m -2 in the Luvisol and 9.66 kg m -2 in the Phaeozem) consisted mainly of mineral-bound OC (87% of total SOC in the Luvisol and 69% in the Phaeozem). In the Luvisol, free light particulate OM, OM associated with sand and coarse silt, and particulate OM occluded in macro-aggregates represented SOM fractions with mean turnover times shorter than that of the bulk soil OC (54 y). Additionally, the turnover of all individual compounds or compound classes (except for black carbon) was faster than that of bulk soil OC. These OM fractions that were less stable than the bulk soil OM made up 13% to 20% of the total OC. Organic matter in fine and medium silt and clay fractions, particulate OM occluded in micro-aggregates (53-250 lm) and OM resistant to acid hydrolysis had intermediate turnover times of about 50-100 y. These fractions with intermediate turnover times contributed 70%-80% to total soil OC. Passive OM with turnover times >200 y was isolated from the mineral-bound OM by different oxidation procedures (H 2 O 2 , Na 2 S 2 O 8 ) and made up ≤10% of the total OC. The isotopic signature of PLFAs suggests an efficient recycling of OC derived from C3 substrate. In the Phaeozem, partitioning of maize-derived C exhibited a pattern similar to the Luvisol, but turnover rates of vegetation-derived soil OC were lower, probably because of the considerably smaller input of plant residues. Fossil C contributed approx. 50% to the total OC and accumulated preferentially in the particulate OM occluded in aggregates and in the fine-sand and

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Structure and function of the soil microbial community in microhabitats of a heavy metal polluted soil

Cited by 361 publications

References 52 publications

Enzyme activities in agricultural soils fumigated with methyl bromide alternatives

Enzyme activities in agricultural soils fumigated with methyl bromide alternatives

Substrate-induced volatile organic compound emissions from compost-amended soils

Storage and stability of organic matter and fossil carbon in a Luvisol and Phaeozem with continuous maize cropping: A synthesis

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