Structure and function of the cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria.

Pitted Keratolysis (Keratolysis Plantare Sulcatum)

“…Various excellent studies have contributed to a detailed concept of the morphologic pattern and biochemical composition of the cell envelope of tnicroorganisms (Claus & Roth 1964, Salton 1964, Dc Petris 1967, Glauert & Thornley 1969, Costerton 1970, Giesbrecht 1972, Johnson & Cummins 1972, Millward & Reaveley 1974, Salton 1976, Regular arrays of morphologic units in the surface layers are valuable distinctive criteria for the classifieation of bacteria. (Claus & Roth 1964, Salton 1964, De Petris 1967, Glauert & Thornley 1969, Costerton 1970, Millward & Reaveley 1964. These surface patterns, however, are fragile and easily lost during preparation procedures (Glauert & Thornley 1969).…”

“…In our tnaterial, the homogeneous electron-opaque cell wall was sometimes defined by a small electron-dense band and revealed a distinct narrow dark middle line. Thus, a multilayered cell wall does not only exist in Gratn-negative bacteria (Claus & Roth 1964, Salton 1964, De Petris 1967, Glauert & Thornley 1969, Costerton 1970, but may also be visualized under optimal preparative conditions in Gram-positive organistns.…”

Broad identification of bacterial type from pus by 1H MR spectroscopy

“…Bacteria constitute a major group of microorganisms that are pathogenic as well as nonpathogenic to humans. The pathogenicity of bacteria and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents may be attributed to the molecular composition of the cell wall, cytoplasm, periplasm, and membranes that separate these compartments [1]. Studies performed on Bacteroides fragilis have revealed that it is the bacterial capsular polysaccharide complex present on its surface that induces the formation of an abscess in the host [2].…”

Inhibition of swarming in Proteus mirabilis by calcium ions

“…The first, hydrophobic and ionic interactions with other molecules; the second involves divalent cation binding through a monophosphate at the end unit of Lipid A. The hydrophilic "picket fence" representation of Leive [8] and Costerton et al [14] requires the presence of divalent cations, and adding EDTA releases a fraction of the LPS; the remaining LPS is probably bound by the first mechanism. Leive [8] suggests high divalent cation concentrations increase LPS-LPS binding, and evidence [ 16,17] indicates re-arrangement of the outer membrane.…”