Structure and Magnetic Properties of Pulsed Electrodeposited Nickel–Indium Alloy

Abstract

A nickel-indium (Ni-In) ferromagnetic alloy is successfully synthesized through a facile pulsed electrodeposition method. The composition, structure, and morphology are analyzed through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron microscopy. The composition and structural analysis indicate fcc phase for the Ni 43 In 57 and Ni 63 In 37 alloys. The Ni-In alloy shows mixed phases when the Ni content is increased from 63 to 66 at%. Thermal analysis of the Ni 63 In 37 results in an activation energy of 46 and 557 kJ mol À1 that can arise from the grain growth phenomena and phase transformation, respectively. Thermomagnetic studies show a Curie temperature of 340 C for the Ni-In alloy with 63 at% Ni that also exhibits a saturation magnetization of 36 emu g À1 .

Magnetocapacitance at the Ni/BiInO3 Schottky Interface

“…When the thickness of Ni overlayer is 3 nm thick, the XPS spectra across the Bi 4f core levels show the addition of a significant metallic Bi 0 4f 7/2 core level feature at 157.3 ± 0.2 eV − that is distinct from the Bi 3+ 4f 7/2 core level with binding energy of 158.8 ± 0.2 eV and a Bi 0 4f 5/2 component at 162.6 ± 0.2 eV also distinct from the Bi 3+ 4f 5/2 core level at 164.1 ± 0.2 eV denoted in Figure c. The Bi 0 4f 7/2 core level feature component becomes increasingly significant with increasing Ni thickness at 157.3 ± 0.2 eV binding energy. − One possible reasoning for this observation is Bi alloying with Ni via the co-reduction process. , The photoemission intensities of the Bi 0 peaks are found to increase with respect to their Bi 3+ counterparts as a function of the increasing Ni thickness. The intensity ratios of the Bi 3+ to Bi 0 XPS features, with increasing Ni coverages on the BiInO 3 /(Ba,Sr)­RuO 3 /NdScO 3 (110) o heterostructure, are provided in the Supporting Materials (Figure S9 in the Supporting Information).…”