Structure and Maintenance Mechanism of Long-Lived Concentric Eyewalls Associated with Simulated Typhoon Bolaven (2012)

Tsujino, Satoki; Tsuboki, Kazuhisa; Kuo, Hung‐Chi

doi:10.1175/jas-d-16-0236.1

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The atmosphere model CReSS is a three‐dimensional, regional, compressible nonhydrostatic model and has been used for the studies on the typhoon structures (e.g., Tsujino et al, ) and rainfalls (Wang et al, ). The model includes bulk‐type cloud microphysics with an ice phase (Murakami, ).…”

Section: Model and Experiments Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of SST Patterns on Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Megi (2010)

et al. 2017

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Typhoon Megi (2010), a very intense tropical cyclone with a minimum central pressure of 885 hPa, was characterized by especially rapid intensification. We investigated this intensification process by a simulation experiment using a high‐resolution (0.02° × 0.02°) three‐dimensional atmosphere‐ocean coupled regional model. We also performed a sensitivity experiment with a time‐fixed sea surface temperature (SST). The coupled model successfully simulated the minimum central pressure of Typhoon Megi, whereas the fixed SST experiment simulated an excessively low minimum central pressure of 839 hPa. The simulation results also showed a close relationship between the radial SST profiles and the rapid intensification process. Because the warm sea increased near‐surface water vapor and hence the convective available potential energy, the high SST in the eye region facilitated tall and intense updrafts inside the radius of maximum wind speed and led to the start of rapid intensification. In contrast, high SST outside this radius induced local secondary updrafts that inhibited rapid intensification even if the mean SST in the core region exceeded 29.0°C. These secondary updrafts moved inward and eventually merged with the primary eyewall updrafts. Then the storm intensified rapidly when the high SST appeared in the eye region. Thus, the changes in the local SST pattern around the storm center strongly affected the rapid intensification process by modulating the radial structure of core convection. Our results also show that the use of a high‐resolution three‐dimensional atmosphere‐ocean coupled model offers promise for improving intensity forecasts of tropical cyclones.

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Section: Model and Experiments Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of SST Patterns on Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Megi (2010)

et al. 2017

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“…Evolution of the storm PV due to the PV mixing is estimated by a PV budget. For axisymmetric PV (P), the budget equation in cylindrical coordinates (r, l, z), as given in Tsujino et al (2017), is…”

Section: A Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Vorticity Mixing and Rapid Intensification in the Numerically Simulated Supertyphoon Haiyan (2013)

Tsujino

Kuo

2020

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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The inner-core dynamics of Supertyphoon Haiyan (2013) undergoing rapid intensification (RI) are studied with a 2-km-resolution cloud-resolving model simulation. The potential vorticity (PV) field in the simulated storm reveals an elliptical and polygonal-shaped eyewall at the low and middle levels during RI onset. The PV budget analysis confirms the importance of PV mixing at this stage, that is, the asymmetric transport of diabatically generated PV to the storm center from the eyewall and the ejection of PV filaments outside the eyewall. We employ a piecewise PV inversion (PPVI) and an omega equation to interpret the model results in balanced dynamics. The omega equation diagnosis suggests eye dynamical warming is associated with the PV mixing. The PPVI indicates that PV mixing accounts for about 50% of the central pressure fall during RI onset. The decrease of central pressure enhances the boundary layer (BL) inflow. The BL inflow leads to contraction of the radius of the maximum tangential wind (RMW) and the formation of a symmetric convective PV tower inside the RMW. The eye in the later stage of the RI is warmed by the subsidence associated with the convective PV towers. The results suggest that the pressure change associated with PV mixing, the increase of the symmetric BL radial inflow, and the development of a symmetric convective PV tower are the essential collaborating dynamics for RI. An experiment with 500-m resolution shows that the convergence of BL inflow can lead to an updraft magnitude of 20 m s 21 and to a convective PV tower with a peak value of 200 PVU (1 PVU 5 10 26 K kg 21 m 2 s 21 ).

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“…pressure perturbation, potential temperature perturbation, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and the mixing ratios of water vapor, cloud water, rain, cloud ice, snow, and graupel. The CReSS model has been used to study many aspects of TCs (e.g., Akter and Tsuboki 2012;Wang et al 2012;Tsujino et al 2017). Table 1 summarizes the model physics.…”

Section: A Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity Change of Typhoon Nancy (1961) during Landfall in a Moist Environment over Japan: A Numerical Simulation with Spectral Nudging

Tsujino

Tsuboki

2020

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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Intensity change of tropical cyclones (TCs) as they make landfall is closely linked to sustained periods of high surface winds and heavy precipitation. Few studies have investigated the intensity change of intense TCs that make landfall in middle latitudes such as Japan because few intense typhoons make landfall in middle latitudes. In this study, a numerical simulation of intense Typhoon Nancy (1961) was used to understand the intensity change that occurred when Nancy made landfall in Japan. A spectral nudging technique was introduced to reduce track errors in the simulation. During landfall, the simulated storm exhibited the salient asymmetric structure and rapid eyewall contraction. A tangential wind budget indicated that the maximum wind speed decreased concurrent with an increase in surface friction and advection associated with low-level asymmetric flows. Detailed evolution of the storm’s warm core was analyzed with a potential temperature budget. In the upper part of the warm core centered at a 12-km height, cooling due to ventilation by asymmetric flows and longwave radiation overcame heating due to condensation and shortwave radiation during the contraction of eyewall clouds. In the lower part of the warm core, adiabatic cooling more than offset warm-air intrusions associated with asymmetric flows and condensational heating. The condensation was supplied by an abundance of moisture due to evaporation from the ocean in the well-developed typhoon based on a moisture budget. Sensitivity experiments revealed that environmental baroclinicity in the midlatitudes, orography, and radiative processes made minor contributions to the weakening. The weakening was instead controlled by inner-core dynamics and interactions with land surfaces.

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Structure and Maintenance Mechanism of Long-Lived Concentric Eyewalls Associated with Simulated Typhoon Bolaven (2012)

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Impacts of SST Patterns on Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Megi (2010)

Impacts of SST Patterns on Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Megi (2010)

Potential Vorticity Mixing and Rapid Intensification in the Numerically Simulated Supertyphoon Haiyan (2013)

Intensity Change of Typhoon Nancy (1961) during Landfall in a Moist Environment over Japan: A Numerical Simulation with Spectral Nudging

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