A modular
approach for the synthesis of polymer networks with well-defined
node and cross-linking dimensions is described. Each node or tie point
in the network is a cyclodextrin molecule, which imparts discrete
molecular guest–host capabilities to the network. C60 fullerenes homogeneously intercalate in the network, presumably
via van der Waals guest–host interactions with the hydrophobic
γ-cyclodextrin cavity, resulting in stable C60-filled
polymer networks with improved mechanical properties. Networks prepared
with α-cyclodextrin, whose inner cavity is smaller than γ-cyclodextrin,
and smaller than the C60 diameter, do not yield materials
with stable C60 intercalation. Characterization of the
final composites reveals that the cross-linked γ-cyclodextrin-based
composites maintain stable C60 concentrations, even after
multiple extractions with toluene, which itself is a good solvent
for C60. Membranes prepared from the cyclodextrin polymer
network, prior to C60 intercalation, should also be useful
for C60 extraction from C60–solvent mixtures.
The synthetic route we describe here is not limited to C60 and should be generally applicable to a wide variety of guests.