Structure and organization of amplicons containing the E4 esterase genes responsible for insecticide resistance in the aphid <i>Myzus persicae</i> (Sulzer)

Field, Linda M.; Devonshire, A. L.

doi:10.1042/bj3220867

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Massive amplification of the EPSPS gene randomly dispersed throughout the genome (Gaines et al, 2010), likely mediated by transposable elements (Gaines et al, 2013), has been recently reported in GR A. palmeri. Tandem amplifications of genes that metabolize insecticides have been reported in organophosphate-resistant populations of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes (Paton et al, 2000) and Myzus persicae (Field and Devonshire, 1997). Our results demonstrate the tandem amplification of a target gene itself as a basis for mechanism of herbicide resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Tandem Amplification of a Chromosomal Segment Harboring 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase Locus Confers Glyphosate Resistance in Kochia scoparia

Jugulam¹,

Niehues²,

Godar³

et al. 2014

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

110

145

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Tandem Amplification of a Chromosomal Segment Harboring 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase Locus Confers Glyphosate Resistance in Kochia scoparia

Jugulam¹,

Niehues²,

Godar³

et al. 2014

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

110

145

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“…In Myzus persicae, ampli®ed esterase gene copy number can also vary. There is evidence to show that¯uctuations in the copy number of this gene which is integrated into the chromosome are related to unequal sister chromatid exchange (Field & Devonshire, 1997). Despite the dierences in ampli®cation level between the strains, the RFLP data were identical.…”

Section: Levels Of Ampli®cationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Polymorphisms and fluctuations in copy number of amplified esterase genes in Culex pipiens mosquitoes

Callaghan

Guillemaud

Makate

et al. 1998

Insect Molecular Biology

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In Culex pipiens mosquitoes, A2 esterase alleles are co-amplified with B2 esterase alleles in response to selection with organophosphate insecticides. In this study the amplified A2 and B2 sequences were compared between twelve strains from four continents by restriction mapping. The restriction maps were almost identical in each strain throughout 22 kb surrounding the genes, suggesting that this represents a constant core sequence. A polymorphism was found in two strains collected from Egypt and Kenya in the mid 1980s. This polymorphism was present in all copies of the amplicon, which suggests that a mechanism of sequence homogenization was operating, i.e. concerted evolution. These two strains were almost certainly descendants from the same population and migration probably occurred along the River Nile. Although the maps were almost identical in each strain, dot blotting demonstrated that amplification levels differed by up to 13-fold between strains. Thus the presence of the A2-B2 haplotype cannot be used to indicate the level of amplification or any particular degree of resistance.

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“…Large tandem gene amplifications of metabolic genes confer insecticide resistance in Culex mosquitoes and Myzus aphids (36,37). Organophosphate-resistant mosquitoes had ≈80-fold more copies of esterase genes than susceptible mosquitoes (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene amplification confers glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus palmeri

Gaines

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

603

868

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The herbicide glyphosate became widely used in the United States and other parts of the world after the commercialization of glyphosate-resistant crops. These crops have constitutive overexpression of a glyphosate-insensitive form of the herbicide target site gene, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Increased use of glyphosate over multiple years imposes selective genetic pressure on weed populations. We investigated recently discovered glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus palmeri populations from Georgia, in comparison with normally sensitive populations. EPSPS enzyme activity from resistant and susceptible plants was equally inhibited by glyphosate, which led us to use quantitative PCR to measure relative copy numbers of the EPSPS gene. Genomes of resistant plants contained from 5-fold to more than 160-fold more copies of the EPSPS gene than did genomes of susceptible plants. Quantitative RT-PCR on cDNA revealed that EPSPS expression was positively correlated with genomic EPSPS relative copy number. Immunoblot analyses showed that increased EPSPS protein level also correlated with EPSPS genomic copy number. EPSPS gene amplification was heritable, correlated with resistance in pseudo-F 2 populations, and is proposed to be the molecular basis of glyphosate resistance. FISH revealed that EPSPS genes were present on every chromosome and, therefore, gene amplification was likely not caused by unequal chromosome crossing over. This occurrence of gene amplification as an herbicide resistance mechanism in a naturally occurring weed population is particularly significant because it could threaten the sustainable use of glyphosate-resistant crop technology.5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase | herbicide resistance | mobile genetic element | evolution | Palmer amaranth

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Structure and organization of amplicons containing the E4 esterase genes responsible for insecticide resistance in the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer)

Cited by 50 publications

References 30 publications

Tandem Amplification of a Chromosomal Segment Harboring 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase Locus Confers Glyphosate Resistance in Kochia scoparia

Tandem Amplification of a Chromosomal Segment Harboring 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase Locus Confers Glyphosate Resistance in Kochia scoparia

Polymorphisms and fluctuations in copy number of amplified esterase genes in Culex pipiens mosquitoes

Gene amplification confers glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus palmeri

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