Structure and organization of paramyxovirus particles

Cox, Robert; Plemper, Richard K.

doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.05.004

Cited by 75 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Paramyxoviruses include several major human and animal pathogens, with well-recognized pathophysiology and immune behavior (13)(14)(15)(16) Evolution from a common ancestor is usually the underlying reason for the existence of homologies between nucleic acid and/or protein sequences. Indeed, the concept of "sequence homology" entails "shared ancestry" and sequence similarities between taxa which do not share a recent common ancestor are referred to as 'homoplasy' (17,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV2 spike protein displays biologically significant similarities with paramyxovirus surface proteins; a bioinformatics study

Ahmadi

Zabihi

Hosseinzadeh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Recent emergence of SARS-CoV2 and associated COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great challenge for the scientific community. Understanding various aspects of SARS-CoV2 biology, virulence and pathogenesis as well as determinants of immune response have become a global research priority. In this study, we performed bioinformatic analyses on SAR-CoV2 protein sequences, trying to unravel biologically important similarities between this newly emerged virus with other RNA viruses. Comparing the proteome of SARS-CoV2 with major positive and negative strand ssRNA viruses showed significant homologies between SARS-CoV2 spike protein with various pathogenic paramyxovirus fusion proteins. The 'spike-fusion' homology was not limited to SARS-CoV2 and it existed for some other pathogenic betacoronaviruses; nonetheless, SARS-CoV2 spike-fusion homology was orders of magnitude stronger than for other coronaviruses. Moreover, this homology did not seem to be a consequence of general ssRNA virus phylogenetic relations. We then explored potential immunological significance of this spike-fusion homology. Spike epitope analysis using experimentally verified epitopes deposited in Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), revealed that the majority of T cell epitopes as well as B cell and MHC binding epitopes map within the spike-fusion homology region. Overall, our data indicate that there might be a relation between SARS-CoV2 and paramyxoviruses at the level of their surface proteins and this relation might be of crucial immunological importance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV2 spike protein displays biologically significant similarities with paramyxovirus surface proteins; a bioinformatics study

Ahmadi

Zabihi

Hosseinzadeh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Newcastle disease virus and measles virus from Paramyxoviridae family feature a negative-sense, nonsegmented single-stranded RNA, which requires conversion into a positive-sense RNA before translation. 43 In picornaviruses, the positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) genome acts as a messenger RNA (mRNA) and it is translated into the viral polyprotein shortly after penetrating the host cells. This provides a mechanism for oncolytic picornaviruses to replicate and propagate faster.…”

Section: Architecture Of Oncolytic Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Virus–Receptor Interactions and Virus Neutralization: Insights for Oncolytic Virus Development</p>

Jayawardena¹,

Poirier²,

Burga³

et al. 2020

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Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are replication competent agents that selectively target cancer cells. After penetrating the tumor cell, viruses replicate and eventually trigger cell lysis, releasing the new viral progeny, which at their turn will attack and kill neighbouring cells. The ability of OVs to self-amplify within the tumor while sparing normal cells can provide several advantages including the capacity to encode and locally produce therapeutic protein payloads, and to prime the host immune system. OVs targeting of cancer cells is mediated by host factors that are differentially expressed between normal tissue and tumors, including viral receptors and internalization factors. In this review article, we will discuss the evolution of oncolytic viruses that have reached the stage of clinical trials, their mechanisms of oncolysis, cellular receptors, strategies for targeting cancers, viral neutralization and developments to bypass virus neutralization.

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“…The RNA genome follows the rule-of-six where one nucleocapsid protein will encapsidate six nucleotides to allow efficient replication by viral polymerase (Calain and Roux, 1993). The genomic RNA and NP forms a helical ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex that is recognized by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which is made up of P protein and L protein (Ganar et al, 2014;Cox and Plemper, 2017). The L protein exhibits the catalytic activities of polymerase whereas the P protein facilitates the binding of P-L complex to nucleocapsid (Dortmans et al, 2010;Fearns and Plemper, 2017).…”

Section: Genomic Content Of Paramyxoviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

V protein, the virulence factor across the family Paramyxoviridae: a review

Tham

Yusoff

Othman

et al. 2019

APJMBB

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Paramyxoviridae is a family of viruses within the order Mononegavirales and comprises 14 genera; Metaavulavirus, Orthoavulavirus, Paraavulavirus, Synodonvirus, Ferlavirus, Aquaparamyxovirus, Henipavirus, Morbillivirus, Respirovirus, Jeilongvirus, Narmovirus, Salemvirus, Pararubulavirus and Orthorubulavirus. The members within this family are negative and single-stranded RNA viruses including human and animal pathogens such as measles virus (MeV), Nipah virus (NiV), mumps virus (MuV), Sendai virus (SeV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The V protein is conserved within the family and plays an essential role in viral pathogenicity. Although V proteins of many paramyxoviruses are interferon-antagonists which counteract with the host’s innate immunity, there are still differences in the mode of action of the V protein between different genera or species within the same genera. The strategies to circumvent the host interferon (IFN) pathway can be divided into three general mechanisms; degradation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) protein, inhibition of phosphorylation of the transcription factor and, inhibition of translocation of STAT proteins into the nucleus. As a result, inhibition of IFN signalling and production promotes viral replication in the host cells. This review highlights the mechanism of the paramyxoviral V protein in evading the host IFN system.

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Structure and organization of paramyxovirus particles

Cited by 75 publications

References 91 publications

SARS-CoV2 spike protein displays biologically significant similarities with paramyxovirus surface proteins; a bioinformatics study

SARS-CoV2 spike protein displays biologically significant similarities with paramyxovirus surface proteins; a bioinformatics study

<p>Virus–Receptor Interactions and Virus Neutralization: Insights for Oncolytic Virus Development</p>

V protein, the virulence factor across the family Paramyxoviridae: a review

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