Structure and propagation of premixed flame in nozzle-generated counterflow

Laminar flame speeds of primary reference fuels and reformer gas mixtures

“…linear extrapolation of the minimal velocity to zero stretch overestimates the laminar flame speed, the computational results of Chao et al [13] demonstrated that nonlinear extrapolation is not necessarily superior to linear extrapolation, especially when fitting the data in the weakly nonlinear range of relatively larger stretch rates. Therefore, there is merit in the use of linear extrapolation, and insights into improving the accuracy of linear extrapolation have been provided by Chao et al [13].…”

“…Nonlinear extrapolations for a potential flow field and a plug flow field have been proposed and discussed by Tien and Matalon [12] and Chao et al [13], respectively. For a given set of experimental data, Chao et al [13] compared the extrapolated flame speeds obtained using the potential flow-and plug flow-based expressions.…”

“…For a given set of experimental data, Chao et al [13] compared the extrapolated flame speeds obtained using the potential flow-and plug flow-based expressions. It was found that there is basically no difference in the extrapolated results because the minor difference is within the experimental scatter [13]. While Refs.…”

Final report:

“…While good techniques exist which allow measurement of burning velocity under conditions of controlled stretch rates [33], they require seeding with particles for determination of the local gas velocity. Since the presence of particles would influence the condensation rates of our metallic species, we instead employed the total area method with a Bunsen-type flame [34].…”

Flame instability analysis of diethyl ether-air premixed mixtures at elevated pressures

“…There are three methods to measure the laminar burning velocity, namely the stagnation plane flame method [11,12], the heat flux method [13] and the combustion bomb method [14][15][16]. The combustion bomb method uses an outwardly propagating spherical flame and calculates laminar burning velocity by analyzing flame radius.…”