Structure and properties of halogen-free flame retardant and phosphorus-containing aromatic poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s fiber

Liu, Pengqing; Dong, Linan; Wu, Lei; Zeng, Lei; Xu, Jianjun

doi:10.1039/c8ra10071c

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Researchers studied an additional class of high-performance polymer, polyoxadiazoles, to enhance material flame retardancy via phosphorus-containing and non-phosphorus-containing methods. Liu et al 146 reported novel polyoxadiazoles that contain triphenylphosphine oxide units. Figure 22(a) shows the synthetic pathway.…”

Section: Polyesters/copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A survey of recent publications on polymers employing reactive, halogen‐free flame‐retardant functionalities

Stovall,

Long

2024

Polymer International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modern society relies heavily on producing commercial and industrial plastics to improve the quality and quantity of our lives. However, increased fire risks threaten commercial operations and the potential impact of high‐performance electronic and transportation technologies that utilize polymeric materials. Despite significant monitoring and reduction of commonly used halogenated flame retardants, their worldwide usage still poses environmental hazards. Many non‐halogenated flame‐retardant compounds are viable additives for synthetic polymers; however, their incorporation often results in reduced composite homogeneity and mechanical strength. This review focuses on reactive flame retardants and the effect of polymer structure on inherent flame retardance in recent studies. The synthesis and characterization of polymeric systems (e.g. polyurethanes, polyamides, polyimides, polyesters and epoxy resins) are discussed in terms of structure–flame‐retardant performance using a complement of analytical tools, including thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimetry, limiting oxygen index and UL 94 testing. These commercially important polymeric systems represent a broad compositional space for future adaptation and the discovery of increasingly modular polymeric materials with, while also contributing to the fundamental understanding of unique combinations of gas‐ and condensed‐phase mechanisms of flame retardance. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

show abstract

Section: Polyesters/copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Synthetic route to phosphine‐oxide‐containing poly(oxadiazole)s. (b) LOI and gross heat of combustion (GHC) as a function of bis(4‐carboxyphenyl)phenyl phosphine oxide content for the poly(oxadiazole)s. Adapted from Liu et al 146 . with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Section: Polymeric Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of recent publications on polymers employing reactive, halogen‐free flame‐retardant functionalities

Stovall,

Long

2024

Polymer International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to the common five membered ring azaheterocycles mentioned above, oxadiazoles and their derivatives, − thiazoles and their derivatives, , tetrazoles and their derivatives, etc., have also been investigated as flame retardants. Xu et al prepared halogen-free flame-retardant POD fibers by incorporating triaryl phosphine oxide (TPO) units into the main chains of aromatic polyoxadiazole (p-POD). The results showed that the introduction of TPO units significantly improved the flame retardancy of POD fibers, which was attributed to the TPO units’ ability to inhibit the generation of volatile products and enhance the flame-retardant effect of the condensed phase.…”

Section: Application Of Flame-retardant Molecules Featuring the Azahe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecules Featuring the Azaheterocycle Moiety toward the Application of Flame-Retardant Polymers

Lu,

Chen,

Luo

et al. 2023

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flame retardancy is a desirable property of polymer materials, and the molecular design of novel flame-retardant structures considers three main aspects: (i) the chemical structure should have suitable thermal degradation temperature and a high tendency to form char; (ii) the flame-retardant molecule should not compromise the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix; and (iii) the molecule should have low inherent toxicity and generate minimal or no harmful substances to humans and the environment during degradation. Azaheterocycles and their derivatives are an important class of nitrogen-containing flame retardants, which achieve good flame retardancy by diluting the concentration of oxygen and fuel gas on the polymer surface in the gaseous phase and promoting the amount of char residue in the condensed phase. At the same time, azaheterocycle-containing flame retardants possess excellent designability and appropriate thermal degradation temperature of most of their structures, producing gases with low toxicity when subjected to thermal decomposition. Moreover, azaheterocycles and their derivatives have promising potential in the synthesis of novel flame retardants and flame-retardant polymers. This review mainly summarizes the methods of improving the flame retardancy of polymeric materials using azaheterocycle-containing compounds and the applications of azaheterocycle-containing flame retardant molecules. Meanwhile, this review also identifies the main challenges for the future development of azaheterocycle-containing flame retardants.

show abstract

“…In the pursuit of developing advanced materials, researchers have turned their attention to enhancing the flame-retardant properties of poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole-esterimide)s by incorporating phosphorus-containing moieties into their structures. 18,19 Phosphorus-based flame retardants have shown promise in mitigating fire hazards, especially in environments where stringent fire safety standards are essential. 20 Moreover, these compounds offer environmentally friendly alternatives, minimizing the production of toxic byproducts during combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing flame retardancy and optical functionality in multifunctional devices through advanced design of phosphorus‐containing copoly(imide‐oxadiazole)s

Serbezeanu,

Homocianu,

Lisa

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The combination of flame retardance and optical functionality in phosphorus‐containing copoly(imide‐oxadiazole)s offers a remarkable opportunity for the development of advanced and multifunctional devices, including organic light‐emitting diodes, sensors, and photovoltaics. In this context, a series of phosphorus‐containing copoly(imide‐oxadiazole)s were synthesized through a polycondensation reaction. This involved an aromatic commercial dianhydride, 4,4′‐(4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenoxy)bis(phthalic anhydride), a diamine with phosphorus in the main and side chains, and various aromatic diamines with 1,3,4‐oxadiazole rings. To achieve this, a solution imidization method was employed, which effectively converted the poly(amic acid) intermediates into the corresponding polyimides with high efficiency. The chemical structure and thermal properties of the resulting polymers were investigated. All polymers exhibited high thermal stability. Moreover, the absorption bands observed in dichloromethane, N,N‐dimethylformamide, methanol, and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone exhibited weak intensities, appearing as shoulders, with maximum values around 270, 303, and 310 nm. In most solvents, the photoluminescence spectra of the polymers showed a single emission band. However, one of the polymers exhibited two emission bands due to pendant groups that disrupted the molecular structure. The fluorescence of these derivatives was influenced by the polarity and proticity of the solvents. Furthermore, they exhibited large Stokes shifts, indicating extended conjugation and the potential to maximize luminescence efficiency. Protonation and deprotonation of polyimides alter their optical properties. These findings provide insights for the design of materials with improved optical performance.

show abstract

Structure and properties of halogen-free flame retardant and phosphorus-containing aromatic poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s fiber

Abstract: The flame resistance of POD fibers can be improved significantly by introducing TPO units into the main chains.

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

A survey of recent publications on polymers employing reactive, halogen‐free flame‐retardant functionalities

A survey of recent publications on polymers employing reactive, halogen‐free flame‐retardant functionalities

Molecules Featuring the Azaheterocycle Moiety toward the Application of Flame-Retardant Polymers

Enhancing flame retardancy and optical functionality in multifunctional devices through advanced design of phosphorus‐containing copoly(imide‐oxadiazole)s

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About