Structure and properties of low-carbon steel after twist extrusion

Abstract

The new developing technologies of metal formation, based on simple shear, are known as severe plastic deformation (SPD) technologies. They are actively used for improving the mechanical properties of metals. Even complex systems such as steels have not been adequately investigated for SPD process. However, studies are in progress as is reflected from the publications in the literature. Due to insufficient knowledge of the structural changes, occurring in low-carbon steels during SPD, there is a need for a more detailed consideration by modern methods. This paper discusses the characteristics of the formation of structure and texture of low-carbon steels subjected to warm twist extrusion (TE). A relatively new method, which makes possible a detailed study of the structure of metals, is electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). EBSD has shown that warm TE increases the structure isotropy, thus leading to significant fragmentation and activation of the mechanisms of dynamic polygonization, recrystallization and grain-boundary sliding. These structural features lead to hardening of the material by 1·5 times, while maintaining a high level of plasticity.

Continuous Severe Plastic Deformation of Low‐Carbon Steel: Physical–Mechanical Properties and Multiscale Structure Analysis

“…It is accepted that the increment of damage is proportional to the increment of the degree of shear strain [ 4 ] where α is a proportionality factor determining the intensity of accumulation and development of microcracks.…”

“…Thus, the technology of wire manufacturing is very important. Notably, partial reduction [ 4 ] during wire drawing, in the mean of exhausting of plasticity resources (PRs), is essential. Good optimal reduction choice is a very important step in developing the effective manufacturing technology of drawing.…”

“…Good optimal reduction choice is a very important step in developing the effective manufacturing technology of drawing. When the PR is exhausted during the drawing process, [ 4 ] the wire starts breaking and the whole process is stopped. Then additional softening annealing is needed.…”

Twist Extrusion as a Potent Tool for Obtaining Advanced Engineering Materials: A Review

“…This refers particularly to aluminum and Al alloys, [41][42][43]49,52,72,118,119] copper and Cu alloys, [25,34,36,39,45,63,65,68,[120][121][122][123] titanium and its alloys, [64,65,70,[124][125][126][127][128][129] as well as various steels. [61,62,73] There are some limitations on the applicability of TE processing to high strength materials. They come both from the billet material itself, which can be too brittle to be processed, and from the tooling material.…”

“…A. Galkin the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences. At present, TE and cognate processing techniques, as well as the materials obtained using these methods are a subject of research at several materials laboratories in such countries as China, [15][16][17][18][19][20] the Czech Republic, [21] Germany, [22][23][24] France, [23,25,26] India, [27][28][29][30][31] Iran, [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Japan, [51][52][53][54][55] Korea, [56][57][58][59][60] Russia, [61][62]…”