Structure and Properties of Phosphate-Based Geopolymer Synthesized with the Spent Fluid Catalytic-Cracking (SFCC) Catalyst

Qian, Wensheng; Zhang, Ruobing; Zhang, Yimin

doi:10.3390/gels8020130

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, for geopolymer synthesized with SFCC catalyst with increasing acid concentration, the ratio of Al 6 -OP to Al 6 -OSi is 3:1 to 5:1, but for geopolymer prepared with MK, it's close to 2:1. The former has more Al-O-P bonds and Si-O-P bonds, while the latter has more Si-O-Al bonds [72].…”

Section: Natural Pozzolanmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Acid Activation in Low-Carbon Binders: A Systematic Literature Review

Park,

Pimenta,

Bezerra

2023

Buildings

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Geopolymers have emerged as an alternative binding material to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Recently, there has been an increase in studies exploring the synthesis of these materials using acid activation rather than traditional alkaline activation. This approach offers benefits such as good strength at an early age, better thermal properties, and a chemical activator that emits less carbon to be produced. In addition, it provides resistance to efflorescence and leaching, which are common challenges associated with alkali-activated products. This work analyzed the scientific advances in acid activation in synthesizing an alternative binder to OPC. To this end, a systematic review of the last five years of scientific literature was carried out using the Systematic Review for Engineering and Experiments (SREE) method. The results show a notable increase in research focused on acid activation over the last few years. The acid activators were always phosphate solutions, mainly phosphoric acid. Metakaolin was the most tested precursor, followed by fly ash, and volcanic ash. The research requires improvements in the methodological quality, providing data on molar ratios (Al/P, Si/Al, and Si/P), Liquid/Solid mass ratio, activator solution molarity, and curing process, in addition to statistical treatment and comparison of results. There exists a paucity of diversity in the examined precursors, activators, and additives. Future research developments need to clarify the behavior of mechanical resistance over time, better curing process, water resistance, durability, and the role of iron, magnesium, and calcium silicates and/or oxides. The paper identifies the main research gaps in the area and functions as a database, guiding researchers in selecting raw materials, dosing methodology, and curing processes.

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Section: Natural Pozzolanmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…3.8.6. SFCC SFCC catalyst is an industrial solid waste used to prepare SAPG for the first time [72]. When the PA concentration was 12 M, the geopolymer reached a maximum compressive strength of 30.2 MPa.…”

Section: Natural Pozzolanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid Activation in Low-Carbon Binders: A Systematic Literature Review

Park,

Pimenta,

Bezerra

2023

Buildings

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“…The compressive strength of geopolymer was found to be between 31 and 41 MPa. However, the authors employed alkali-activation of geopolymers in these investigations, whereas Wan et al (2022) 35 used SFCC catalyst as a raw material for the formation of phosphate geopolymers with a maximum compressive strength of 30.2 MPa.…”

Section: Synthesis and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wan et al (2022) 35 investigated whether the concentration of phosphoric solutions has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of geopolymer synthesized with the SFCC catalyst using the SFCC catalyst as an aluminosilicate precursor and acid solutions with concentrations of 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 mol L −1 . When the acid content was between 6 and 12 mol L −1 , a stable binder with a compressive strength ranging from 9.8 to 30.2 MPa was prepared ( Fig.…”

Section: Synthesis and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate-activated geopolymers: advantages and application

Goryunova,

Gahramanli,

Muradkhanli

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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“…These materials have been shown to exhibit exceptional tensile strength as a nanocomposite polymer matrix and provide excellent thermal stability at temperatures above 350 °C [ 91 , 96 ]. Previous work has demonstrated that polymer reinforcement of geopolymer materials improves the bulk properties by controlling the microstructure and reducing crack initiation/growth [ 55 , 99 ]. Thus, we hypothesize that the incorporation of PBDT and PBDI will reduce microporosity and serve as reinforcements within the geopolymer particulate and binding phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Water-Soluble Polymers on the Rheology and Microstructure of Polymer-Modified Geopolymer Glass-Ceramics

Migliore,

Hewitt,

Dingemans

et al. 2024

Materials

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This work explores the effects of rigid (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 wt. %) and semi-flexible (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 wt. %) all-aromatic polyelectrolyte reinforcements as rheological and morphological modifiers for preparing phosphate geopolymer glass–ceramic composites. Polymer-modified aluminosilicate–phosphate geopolymer resins were prepared by high-shear mixing of a metakaolin powder with 9M phosphoric acid and two all-aromatic, sulfonated polyamides. Polymer loadings between 0.5–2.5 wt. % exhibited gel-like behavior and an increase in the modulus of the geopolymer resin as a function of polymer concentration. The incorporation of a 0.5 wt. % rigid polymer resulted in a three-fold increase in viscosity relative to the control phosphate geopolymer resin. Hardening, dehydration, and crystallization of the geopolymer resins to glass-ceramics was achieved through mold casting, curing at 80 °C for 24 h, and a final heat treatment up to 260 °C. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a decrease in microstructure porosity in the range of 0.78 μm to 0.31 μm for geopolymer plaques containing loadings of 0.5 wt. % rigid polymer. Nano-porosity values of the composites were measured between 10–40 nm using nitrogen adsorption (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method) and transmission electron microscopy. Nanoindentation studies revealed geopolymer composites with Young’s modulus values of 15–24 GPa and hardness values of 1–2 GPa, suggesting an increase in modulus and hardness with polymer incorporation. Additional structural and chemical analyses were performed via thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared radiation, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the processing, microstructure, and mechanical behavior of water-soluble, high-performance polyelectrolyte-reinforced geopolymer composites.

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Structure and Properties of Phosphate-Based Geopolymer Synthesized with the Spent Fluid Catalytic-Cracking (SFCC) Catalyst

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Acid Activation in Low-Carbon Binders: A Systematic Literature Review

Acid Activation in Low-Carbon Binders: A Systematic Literature Review

Phosphate-activated geopolymers: advantages and application

Effect of Water-Soluble Polymers on the Rheology and Microstructure of Polymer-Modified Geopolymer Glass-Ceramics

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