Cellulose-based food packaging has a significant importance
in
reducing plastic pollution and also ensuring our safety from microplastics.
Nonetheless, lignocellulose necessitates sophisticated physical and
chemical treatments to be fashioned into a satisfactory food packaging,
thus leading to extra consumption and operations. Here, we present
a gel-assisted biosynthesis approach for the in situ production of
bacterial cellulose (BC) that can be directly applied to food packaging. Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans is homogeneously
distributed in the gellan gum (GG)-assisted culture system, and the
BC/GG film with an even surface is attained. Then, the BC/GG film
is integrated with an antibacterial layer containing a quaternary
ammonium chitosan microsphere (QM) through an in situ spray biosynthesis
method. The resulting BC/GG/QM multilayer film combines the barrier
properties and antibacterial activity. The method for in situ biosynthesis
is green, efficient, and convenient to endow the multilayer film with
excellent barrier capacity (1.76 g·mm·m–2·d–1·KPa–1 at RH 75%),
high mechanical properties (strength 462 MPa), and antibacterial activity
(>90% against Escherichia coli O157:H7
and Staphylococcus aureus). In terms
of food preservation, the overall performance of the BC/GG/QM multilayer
film is better than the commercial petroleum-based film and lignocellulose-derived
film. This work proffers a novel strategy to produce a more beneficial
and eco-friendly multilayer film via in situ biosynthesis, which manifests
great utility in the field of food packaging.