Structure and properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with pyrolytic and industrial carbon black

Abstract

To evaluate the performance of pyrolytic carbon black (pCB), we filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with pCB and N330 industrial carbon black (CB). We used two ratios of pCB and N330: 1/9 and 1/1. N330 was selected because its specific surface area was close to that of pCB. The overall CB content in the mixes was 0, 30, 45 and 60 part per hundred rubber (phr). We studied the effects of types and amounts of CB on the dispersion, cure behavior, dynamic mechanical thermal behavior, tensile mechanical and fracture mechanical properties of the filled rubbers. Dispersion of pCB was poorer than that of N330 CB. With respect to tensile mechanical properties -except tear strength -N330 outperformed pCB. The tear strength and fracture mechanics characteristics (J-integral at crack tip opening, and trouser tear strength) of SBR were higher with pCB than with N330. This can be attributed to the broader dispersion of pCB than N330. The combined use of N330 and pCB resulted in intermediate values reflecting the actual N330/pCB ratio for all measured parameters. We wanted to correlate the mechanical performance with the apparent molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc), and found reasonable correlations for the Payne effect, tensile strength and critical J-integral. On the other hand, we only found a tendency for tear characteristics; this was ascribed to additional effects of (p)CB dispersion.2

Thermal and mechanical enhancement of styrene–butadiene rubber by filling with modified anthracite coal

“…During the application of the composite material, under the influence of external tension, molecular chains of the rubber slip on the surfaces of the MA flakes, relieving some of the tensile stress, which reinforces the structure. In addition, the surface of the MA contains carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, and aliphatic chains, which have high reactivity and may form covalent bonds with the rubber molecules, while interactions between CB and rubber are mainly based on van der Waals forces . Therefore, the MA has a stronger binding force with the rubber molecules compared to CB, resulting in better reinforcing behavior in the composite.…”

“…Thermogravimetric analysis is widely used to evaluate the thermal stability of polymer materials and can provide an indication of the polymers' decomposition behaviors at various temperatures . Figure shows thermogravimetric (TG) and differential TG (DTG) curves of the SBR composites with different MA contents.…”

Correlation of the morphology and thermooxidative degradation behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate)–nitrile butadiene rubber–polycarbonate ternary blends

“…Because the main purpose of this research was to scrutinize the thermooxidation degradation kinetics and obtain the kinetic parameters E a , n , and A (ln A ), the decomposition process of the differential models of Friedman, Chang, and Freeman‐Carroll was used . In addition, the models of KAS and FWO were practiced to measure the values of E a from the two models of integration . The measurements of the kinetic parameters obtained from these models clearly determined the component ratio effect on the thermooxidation degradation behavior.…”

Mesoscale Simulations of the Rheology of Filled Styrene–Butadiene Compounds

“…The physisorption of polymers by the fillers promotes the development of a network connecting the fillers, the so‐called bound rubber layer, the elastomer that is nonextractable from a filled elastomer even with a good solvent such as toluene . Of particular relevance to this study is the material strengthening of filled compounds in comparison to unfilled elastomers . In fact, material reinforcement in a filled crosslinked compound is due to both the vulcanization of the rubber and the filler particle inclusion …”

“…There are a number of filler particle options available for filled elastomer compounds. Automobile tyres are filled with carbon black or silica . For most applications, carbon black or silica tend to be exclusively employed, although mixtures of these materials have also been used in order to exploit the advantages of both filler types .…”