Structure and swelling of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels: effect of pH, ionic strength, and dilution on the crosslinked polymer structure

Elliott, Jeannine E.; Macdonald, Mara; Nie, Jun; Bowman, Christopher N.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.040

Cited by 386 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The hydrophilicity of the polymeric network decreased, thereby decreasing the water absorbency of the corresponding superabsorbent composites. 22,23 The type of OMMT was another factor affecting the water absorbency; this can also be seen in Table I. The results showed that the water absorbency for poly(AA-AM/OMMT #1) series was always higher than that of poly(AA-AM/OMMT #2) series in the range of the OMMT content investigated.…”

Section: Effect Of Ommt Content and Type On Water Absorbency Of The Smentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of Organic Montmorillonite Type on the Swelling Behavior of Superabsorbent Nanocomposites

Zhang

Yin

et al. 2013

Adv Polym Technol

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ABSTRACT:Montmorillonite was modified with N,N -dimethyl-N-dodecyl methacryloxylethyl ammonium bromide (DMAEA-DB), and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the intercalation agent. Then, a series of different types of superabsorbent composites based on the monomers acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) were synthesized through inverse suspension polymerization. The superabsorbent hydrogels prepared were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer; and the swelling behaviors of the hydrogels were also investigated. Results showed that the intercalation was successful. The water absorbency for poly(AA-AM/DMAEA-DB-MMT) was always higher than that of poly(AA-AM/CTAB-MMT) in the range of the OMMT content investigated. The amount of OMMT also influenced the water absorbency of the hydrogels, they reached the highest water absorbency of 1100 g/g for the former at the content of 10%, and 875 g/g for the latter at the content of 6% in distilled water, respectively. The water absorbency decreased with the increase in the concentration of saline solutions for all the samples. The swelling behavior of the hydrogels was dependent on the pH. Poly(AA-AM/DMAEA-DB-MMT) had a better thermal stability than poly(AA-AM/CTAB-MMT), while having a lower water-retention capacity. C

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Section: Effect Of Ommt Content and Type On Water Absorbency Of The Smentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of Organic Montmorillonite Type on the Swelling Behavior of Superabsorbent Nanocomposites

Zhang

Yin

et al. 2013

Adv Polym Technol

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“…Especially, in the infrared spectrum of P(AMPS/ NIPA), the stretching vibration absorption of SO 2 at 1304 cm 21 , the symmetrical stretching vibration absorption of S¼ ¼O at 1225 cm 21 , the stretching vibration absorptions of SÀ ÀOÀ ÀC at 804 and 768 cm 21 , and the stretching vibration absorption of SÀ ÀO at 621 cm 21 , which derived from À ÀSO 3 H in AMPS, were shown obviously. Therefore, it could be judged that the copolymerization between AMPS and NIPA took place.…”

Section: Infrared Spectrummentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Moreover, some nonplanar rocking vibration absorptions of C¼ ¼C at 976, 927, and 881 cm 21 could be found in the infrared spectrum of PNIPA, which meant that the PNIPA sample for IR spectrum contained some double-bond compounds. The reason for this might be that under the experimental condition mentioned in Figure 8, the addition polymerization of NIPA, which was initiated by MLTP, could not completed perfectly.…”

Section: Infrared Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17][18][19] As a new polymerizing method, MLTP-initiated polymerization breaks the mode of traditional chemical-initiated method and has more peculiarities such as no initiator, speeding, simplifying process, and protecting environment, besides, the products have higher purity and more degree of polymerization. [20][21][22][23][24][25] In our recent work, the P(AMPS/NIPA) hydrogel is prepared, and its intelligent characters are investigated. The main purpose of this work is to synthesize the P(AMPS/NIPA) hydrogel with 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) by means of MLTPinitiated polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of a new intelligent hydrogel initiated by microwave low temperature plasma

Cui

Dong

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A new kind of dualistic intelligent hydrogel [P(AMPS/NIPA)], which has the characters of both PAMPS and PNIPA, was introduced. For the purpose of synthesizing the P(AMPS/NIPA) hydrogel, the polymerization between 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), which was initiated by the microwave low temperature plasma, was investigated. The influencing factors such as plasmatreating time and power, concentration of monomers and crosslinking agent, mole fraction of AMPS in mixed monomers, and temperature of polymerization were analyzed and discussed in detail. The optimal synthesizing condition of P(AMPS/NIPA) was determined according to the variety in the swelling ratio of the hydrogel. IR spectra and microscopic photos were made to characterize the functional groups and the threedimension crosslinked network of the dualistic intelligent hydrogel.

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“…According to Elliott et al, cyclization of crosslinker occurred during free-radical crosslinking copolymerization and this will decrease the efficiency of crosslinker, and then network has smaller crosslinking density and could swell more. [31] The alkyl chains may act as obstructers for the reaction between propagating radicals and monomer, which means the opportunity for cyclization reaction of MBA increases, and then the network is also less crosslinked and therefore swells more. It can be concluded that the formation of network through graft-polymerization and the organification of APT could improve the composite polymeric network, and then made it to have higher water absorbency.…”

Section: Effect Of Quaternary Ammonium Salt On Equilibrium Water Absomentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Superabsorbent Composite, 14

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2006

Macro Materials & Eng

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Summary: Organo‐attapulgite (organo‐APT) was prepared by modifying APT using four quaternary ammonium salts with various lengths of the alkyl group, including (octyl)trimethylammonium bromide (OTMABr) and (stearyl)trimethylammonium chloride (STMACl), etc. A series of composite hydrogels, poly(acrylic acid)/organo‐APT, from acrylic acid (AA), and organo‐APT was prepared by aqueous polymerization, using N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The organification and organification degree of APT as well as the corresponding composites were characterized by FTIR, TGA, and XRD. The effects of the length of the alkyl group for different quaternary ammonium salts, organification degree of APT, and organo‐APT content on water absorbency and swelling behaviors in various electrolyte solutions were investigated in this study. Equilibrium water absorbency strongly depends on chain length of the alkyl group of quaternary ammonium salts, organification degree of APT as well as organo‐APT content. Longer alkyl group, higher organification degree, and proper organo‐APT content are of benefit for the improvement of equilibrium water absorbency. Equilibrium water absorbency in distilled water for PAA/APT was enhanced from 350.1 to 562.1 g · g−1 after 10 wt.‐% organo‐APT, modified with STMACl for the highest degree, was introduced. The kind of cation is the key factor influencing equilibrium water absorbency of these composite hydrogels in electrolyte solutions. Organification of APT could enhance responsiveness of the corresponding composite hydrogel to electrolyte solutions.Schematic structure of PAA/organo‐APT composite in a dry state (left) and in a swollen state (right).magnified imageSchematic structure of PAA/organo‐APT composite in a dry state (left) and in a swollen state (right).

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Structure and swelling of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels: effect of pH, ionic strength, and dilution on the crosslinked polymer structure

Cited by 386 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Organic Montmorillonite Type on the Swelling Behavior of Superabsorbent Nanocomposites

Effect of Organic Montmorillonite Type on the Swelling Behavior of Superabsorbent Nanocomposites

Synthesis of a new intelligent hydrogel initiated by microwave low temperature plasma

Study on Superabsorbent Composite, 14

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