Structure and thermal properties of β‐sitosterol‐beeswax‐sunflower oleogels

Abstract

Oleogels of b-sitosterol (Sit) and beeswax (BW) were combined at varying ratios (w/w) and added to sunflower oil (SFO) at concentrations of 10 g per 100 g and 20 g per 100 g oil to prepare oleogels (Sit/BW/ SFO). Structural and thermal properties were characterised and results showed that the hardness and enthalpy of oleogels were affected by the amount of b-sitosterol and beeswax in the oleogelator combination (Sit/BW, w/w). Oleogels with beeswax as the only oleogelator (Sit0/BW10) had the highest hardness and maximum enthalpy change. Gel network form was influenced by the crystalline behaviour of the oleogelator, and Sit0/BW10-oleogel was densely packed, spherical and white while Sit10/BW0-oleogel displayed a needle shape. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the oleogel width of the crystals and D-spacing increased with increasing amounts of b-sitosterol and the FTIR spectra revealed that oleogels formed via non-covalent bonding and may be stabilised with physical entanglements. Practical Application: The purpose of this study was to find new oleogelators to form b-Sitosterol oleogels, to replace solid fat. The physical, thermal properties and microstructure of oleogels were adjusted by adding different ratios and levels of oleogelators, so as to produce functional edible oil.International Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020 b-sitosterol-beeswax-sunflower oleogel M. Pang et al.

Edible oleogels stabilized solely by stigmasterol: effect of oil type and gelator concentration

“…As can be seen, the oleogels prepared with a low concentration (5%, w/w) of ST presented as independent or aggregated small crystal blocks with a small number of elongated needle‐like crystals. Studies have found that the oleogels formed based on sitosterol in sunflower seed oil have a long and branched fiber‐like network or needle‐like microscopic structure, which was similar to the results of the present study 22,50,51 . When the ST concentration was 7%, it was observed that the bulk crystals in RSO and FSO based oleogels became smaller, and the number of long needle‐like crystals also decreased.…”

Determination of physical and chemical properties of oleogels prepared with olive oil and olive‐based emulsifier

“…In addition, it was also concluded that hardness value was increased when organogelator concentration was raised. The parallel result was also shown by Pang et al (2020). The authors found that the hardness of oleogel was dependent on organogelator concentration for different beeswax concentrations.…”

Synergistic effects of oleogelators in tailoring the properties of oleogels: A review

“…Therefore, it should be noted that other ratios of the same mixture of oleogelator may produce oleogel with the enhanced properties of the oleogels prepared by the above‐explained oil types. β‐Sitosterol and beeswax combinations at different ratios in sunflower oil did not show any synergistic effect, and the monocomponent gel produced using the beeswax exhibited the highest strength and had a densely packed, spherical network, whereas the gel network formed by the sitosterol only had a needle‐shaped network (Pang et al., 2020).…”

“…Using binary mixtures of wax shows the eutectic behavior of two waxes (Choi et al., 2020). Examples of most extensively studied waxes include sunflower wax (Barroso et al., 2020; Tavernier, Doan, et al., 2017a; Winkler‐Moser et al., 2019), rice bran wax (Tavernier, Doan, et al., 2017a), carnauba wax (Shuaishuai Yang et al., 2020), bees wax (Fayaz et al., 2017; Gómez‐Estaca et al., 2019; Martins et al., 2017; Pang et al., 2020; Ristanti et al., 2018; Winkler‐Moser et al., 2019), candelilla wax (Winkler‐Moser et al., 2019), berry wax (Barroso et al., 2020; Tavernier, Doan, et al., 2017a), and fruit wax (Okuro et al., 2018).…”