Structure-Based Modeling of Complement C4 Mediated Neutralization of Adenovirus

Emerson, Corey C.; Stewart, Phoebe L.

doi:10.3390/v13010111

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…We then placed complement components C1 and C4b, and finally C3b on the adenovirus facet model. We hypothesized that a C3b molecule present near a vertex of the facet would be able to entangle multiple penton base RGD loops, as has been previously modeled for C4b interacting with adenovirus [ 49 ]. Entanglement of the RGD loops would be impactful since integrin binding to the RGD loops is thought to induce a conformational change, or untwisting, of the penton base multimer, which initiates adenovirus uncoating and release of the membrane lytic protein VI [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Model for Factor X Inhibition of IgM and Complement-Mediated Neutralization of Adenovirus

Wagner

Shayakhmetov

Stewart

2023

Viruses

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Adenovirus has strong therapeutic potential as an oncolytic virus and gene therapy vector. However, injecting human species C serotype 5 adenovirus, HAdv-C5, into the bloodstream leads to numerous interactions with plasma proteins that affect viral tropism and biodistribution, and can lead to potent immune responses and viral neutralization. The HAdv/factor X (FX) interaction facilitates highly efficient liver transduction and protects virus particles from complement-mediated neutralization after intravenous delivery. Ablating the FX interaction site on the HAdv-C5 capsid leaves the virus susceptible to neutralization by natural IgM followed by activation of the complement cascade and covalent binding of complement components C4b and C3b to the viral capsid. Here we present structural models for IgM and complement components C1, C4b, and C3b in complex with HAdv-C5. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that when C3b binds near the vertex, multiple stabilizing interactions can be formed between C3b, penton base, and fiber. These interactions may stabilize the vertex region of the capsid and prevent release of the virally encoded membrane lytic factor, protein VI, which is packaged inside of the viral capsid, thus effectively neutralizing the virus. In a situation where FX and IgM are competing for binding to the capsid, IgM may not be able to form a bent conformation in which most of its Fab arms interact with the capsid. Our structural modeling of the competitive interaction of FX and IgM with HAdv-C5 allows us to propose a mechanistic model for FX inhibition of IgM-mediated virus neutralization. According to this model, although IgM may bind to the capsid, in the presence of FX it will likely retain a planar conformation and thus be unable to promote activation of the complement cascade at the virus surface.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Model for Factor X Inhibition of IgM and Complement-Mediated Neutralization of Adenovirus

Wagner

Shayakhmetov

Stewart

2023

Viruses

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“…virus administration. Another complement component 4 (C4) blocks virus disassembly and thus effectively neutralizes the virus [ 105 , 106 ]. The specific role of C4-mediated adenovirus neutralization in cytokine production is currently unknown and requires further investigation.…”

Section: Factors Modulating Cytokine and Chemokine Production In Resp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Responses to Adenovirus and Adenovirus Vectors

Atasheva

Shayakhmetov

2022

Viruses

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The expression of cytokines and chemokines in response to adenovirus infection is tightly regulated by the innate immune system. Cytokine-mediated toxicity and cytokine storm are known clinical phenomena observed following naturally disseminated adenovirus infection in immunocompromised hosts as well as when extremely high doses of adenovirus vectors are injected intravenously. This dose-dependent, cytokine-mediated toxicity compromises the safety of adenovirus-based vectors and represents a critical problem, limiting their utility for gene therapy applications and the therapy of disseminated cancer, where intravenous injection of adenovirus vectors may provide therapeutic benefits. The mechanisms triggering severe cytokine response are not sufficiently understood, prompting efforts to further investigate this phenomenon, especially in clinically relevant settings. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cytokine and chemokine activation in response to adenovirus- and adenovirus-based vectors and discuss the underlying mechanisms that may trigger acute cytokine storm syndrome. First, we review profiles of cytokines and chemokines that are activated in response to adenovirus infection initiated via different routes. Second, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that lead to cytokine and chemokine transcriptional activation. We further highlight how immune cell types in different organs contribute to synthesis and systemic release of cytokines and chemokines in response to adenovirus sensing. Finally, we review host factors that can limit cytokine and chemokine expression and discuss currently available and potential future interventional approaches that allow for the mitigation of the severity of the cytokine storm syndrome. Effective cytokine-targeted interventional approaches may improve the safety of systemic adenovirus delivery and thus broaden the potential clinical utility of adenovirus-based therapeutic vectors.

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Structure-Based Modeling of Complement C4 Mediated Neutralization of Adenovirus

Cited by 2 publications

References 55 publications

Structural Model for Factor X Inhibition of IgM and Complement-Mediated Neutralization of Adenovirus

Structural Model for Factor X Inhibition of IgM and Complement-Mediated Neutralization of Adenovirus

Cytokine Responses to Adenovirus and Adenovirus Vectors

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