Structure, biomass distribution, and energetics of the pelagic ecosystem in the Barents Sea: A synopsis

Sakshaug, Egil; Bjørge, Arne; Gulliksen, Bjørn; Loeng, Harald; Mehlum, Fridtjof

doi:10.1007/bf00240261

Cited by 147 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…During spring, when the glacier melt rate decreases, the main limiting factor is fast ice with snow on top. The snow has extremely high attenuation coefficients, causing a reduction in the irradiance in the top-most layer of water to 0.2-5% of incident PAR (Sakshaug et al 1994). In summer, the euphotic zone thickness can range from 1 m to 35 m in both fjords (Halldal and Halldal 1973;Sagan et al 1993;Bischof et al 1998; Sagan and Darecki unpublish data; IOPAN data).…”

Section: Study Ar Eamentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary producers and production in Hornsund and Kongsfjorden – comparison of two fjord systems

Smoła¹,

Tatarek²,

Wiktor³

et al. 2017

Polish Polar Research

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Hornsund and Kongsfjorden are two similar-sized Arctic fjords on the West coast of Spitsbergen. They are influenced by cold coastal Arctic water (Hornsund) and warmer Atlantic water (Kongsfjorden). Environmental conditions affect the timing, quantity, spatial distribution (horizontal and vertical) of spring and summer blooms of protists as well as the taxonomic composition of those assemblages. Here, we compile published data and unpublished own measurement from the past two decades to compare the environmental factors and primary production in two fjord systems. Kongsfjorden is characterized by a deeper euphotic zone, higher biomass and greater proportion of autotrophic species. Hornsund seems to obtain more nutrients due to the extensive seabird colonies and exhibits higher turbidity compared to Kongsfjorden. The annual primary production in the analysed fjords ranges from 48 g C m -2 y -1 in Kongsfjorden to 216 g C m -2 y -1 in Hornsund, with a dominant component of microplankton (90%) followed by macrophytes and microphytobenthos.

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Section: Study Ar Eamentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary producers and production in Hornsund and Kongsfjorden – comparison of two fjord systems

Smoła¹,

Tatarek²,

Wiktor³

et al. 2017

Polish Polar Research

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“…Borgå et al, 2001;Fisk et al, 2001a, Hoekstra et al, 2003. Within the Arctic, the Barents Sea food web is important in energy transfer due to local high production prompted by front systems of converging Atlantic and Polar water, and by an extensive marginal ice zone (Sakshaug et al, 1992). Lipid-rich zooplankton are attractive prey for fish, seabirds, seals and whales that migrate to the Barents Sea to feed, and some of the largest fisheries in the northernEuropean region are located in this area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing measured and predicted PCB concentrations in Arctic seawater and marine biota

Borgå

Guardo

2005

Science of The Total Environment

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When a mechanistic food web model was parameterized for the Arctic marine ecosystem, it predicted PCB concentrations in zooplankton and fish that were two orders of magnitude lower than measured. PCB concentrations measured in zooplankton and fish were within the laboratory's accredited quality assured criteria, and were comparable to other Arctic regions. Although on a different scale, the predicted and measured PCB concentrations were highly correlated. As sensitivity analyses indicated water concentrations as the most sensitive parameter for the model output, dissolved water concentrations were predicted using measured zooplankton and air PCB concentrations, and empirical and mechanistic models. The food web model and the empirical relationship between bioaccumulation factor and octanol-water partitioning coefficient predicted mean dissolved water concentrations of 28 and 29 pg/L P PCB 6 (PCB-28, -52, -105, -118, -138, -153), respectively. Mean dissolved water concentration predicted from measured air concentrations in 1996 was 7.6 pg/L P PCB 5 (PCB-28 was not analysed). Mean dissolved water concentration measured in Barents Sea water sampled simultaneously as the biota in 1999 was 0.3 pg/L P PCB 6 . The dissolved water concentrations predicted from zooplankton PCB concentrations were comparable to water concentrations measured in 1996, whereas the dissolved water concentrations measured in 1999 were comparable to measurements from 2001. If the present high empirically derived bioaccumulation factors (log BAF 7.3-9.0) were realistic, this suggests that bioaccumulation in Arctic zooplankton is more efficient that previously assumed. The present study illustrates and discusses some of the difficulties encountered when different approaches to study environmental distribution of contaminants are compared. D

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“…1) is small (1.4 × 10 6 km 2 ) and, being a polar sea, has a relatively simple ecosystem with few key species at each trophic level. Its simplicity results in an extremely dynamic situation and pronounced variations in the oceanographic climate have had significant influences on the trophic ecology of the sea (Sakshaug et al 1994, Sakshaug 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica and common guillemot Uria aalge chick diet and growth as indicators of fish stocks in the Barents Sea

Barrett

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Between 1980 and 2000, Atlantic puffins Fratercula arctica and common guillemots Uria aalge breeding in the southern Barents Sea fed their chicks on varying proportions of 4 main categories of prey: capelin Mallotus villosus, sandeels Ammodytes sp., I-group herring Clupea harengus and 0-group cod Gadus morhua. The varying proportions in both numbers and masses of the capelin, herring and cod in the seabird diet showed clear responses to the independently measured prey stocks. Amounts of capelin, herring and 0-group cod fed to Atlantic puffin chicks were good indicators of fish availability, whereas only amounts of herring fed to common guillemot chicks were correlated with the biomass of I-group herring in the region. The more general response by the Atlantic puffins probably results from their ability to catch only small fishes. Despite large interannual differences in prey consumption plus gradual changes in meal sizes, the growth rates of the chicks of both species remained near their maximum, suggesting physiological restraints in growth during plentiful years and/or compensatory foraging behaviour by the adults.

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Structure, biomass distribution, and energetics of the pelagic ecosystem in the Barents Sea: A synopsis

Cited by 147 publications

References 26 publications

Primary producers and production in Hornsund and Kongsfjorden – comparison of two fjord systems

Primary producers and production in Hornsund and Kongsfjorden – comparison of two fjord systems

Comparing measured and predicted PCB concentrations in Arctic seawater and marine biota

Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica and common guillemot Uria aalge chick diet and growth as indicators of fish stocks in the Barents Sea

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