Structure, catalysis and atomic reactions on the nano-scale: a systematic approach to metal hydrides for hydrogen storage

Metal−Organic Frameworks As Templates for Nanoscale NaAlH4

“…Second, the directionality of the covalent/ionic bonds in these systems leads to large activation barriers for atomic motion, resulting in slow hydrogen sorption kinetics and limited reversibility. 3 Although concepts such as hydride destabilization by the use of additives, 4 doping 5 or alloying, 6 and kinetic enhancements using catalysts 5 have been intensively investigated, to date these strategies have not allowed hydrides with the highest weight and volumetric capacities to be used.…”

Atomic Hydrogen Diffusion in Novel Magnesium Nanostructures: The Impact of Incorporated Subsurface Carbon Atoms

“…Unfortunately, the application is primarily limited by the high hydrogenation reaction temperature and slow kinetics [4][5]. Experimentally, a number of studies have been devoted to the catalytic effect on hydrogen adsorption of mixing transition metals into the Mg powder by mechanical milling [6][7][8].…”

Advances in the application of nanotechnology in enabling a ‘hydrogen economy’

“…• Enhancing the rate of hydrogen absorption and desorption • Reducing reaction enthalpy so that desorption can take place at a lower temperature • Improving cyclic hydrogenation/dehydrogenation (reversibility and durability for over 1,000 cycles) • Enabling large scale production Many methods such as catalyst addition (Ni, V, Nb, Fe, Ti, metal oxides, graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)) [66][67][68][69][70], ball milling to decrease the crystallite and particle size [71][72][73][74], and mechanochemical methods [71,72,[75][76][77] have been developed to improve the kinetics of hydrogen absorption and reduce the reaction enthalpy. Table 5 shows the effect of milling time on particle size, crystallite size, and desorption temperatures [71,72].…”