Structure, Composition and Physiological State of the Endosperm of Phoenix dactylifera L

Mason, D.; Sexton, R.; Reid, J. S. Grant

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086554

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The low starch content observed in the embryo from day 0 to 10 indicated that this compound is not a significant reserve compound in macaw palm seeds, as has been reported for other Arecaceae species (DeMason et al 1983;Alang et al 1988;Buckeridge et al 2000;Panza et al 2004). Starch likewise was not detected by histochemical tests in the embryos, nor in the in endosperm tissues of macaw palm seeds (Moura et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Seeds of Arecaceae species can store fatty acids, proteins and, less commonly, starch in granum or in specifi c organelles (DeMason et al 1983;Alang et al 1988;Buckeridge et al 2000;Panza et al 2004). Some palm species produce seeds with endosperm tissues rich in hemicelluloses (DeMason et al 1983;DeMason 1986;Alang et al 1988), placing them in the hard-seed category (Buckeridge 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some palm species produce seeds with endosperm tissues rich in hemicelluloses (DeMason et al 1983;DeMason 1986;Alang et al 1988), placing them in the hard-seed category (Buckeridge 2010). To access the principal cellular reserves and promote seedling development the cell walls of the surrounding tissues of the embryo must be weakened (DeMason et al 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Enzyme activity and reserve mobilization during Macaw palm ( Acrocomia aculeata ) seed germination

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT.Reserve mobilization in seeds occurs after visible germination, which is marked by the protrusion of the radicle or cotyledonary petiole, as in species of Arecaceae. Acrocomia aculeata (macaw palm), usually produces hard seeds whose endosperm has mannan-rich cell walls. We investigated the composition of storage compounds in macaw palm seed and the roles of two enzymes (endo-β-mannanase, α-galactosidase) during and after germination. Th e seeds were fi rstly submitted to pre-established protocol to overcome dormancy and promote germination. Enzyme activity in both embryo and endosperm were assayed from the initiation of germinative activities until leaf sheath appearance, and the status of seed structures and reserve compounds were evaluated. Protein content of the embryo decreased with the initiation of imbibition while the lipid content began decreasing six days after removal of the operculum. Increases in enzyme activity and starch content were both observed after visible germination. We suggest that endo-β-mannanase and α-galactosidase become active immediately at germination, facilitating haustorium expansion and providing carbohydrates for initial seedling development. Protein is the fi rst storage compound mobilized during early imbibition, and the observed increase in the starch content of the haustorium was related to lipid degradation in that organ and mannan degradation in the adjacent endosperm.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Enzyme activity and reserve mobilization during Macaw palm ( Acrocomia aculeata ) seed germination

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The endosperm of A. aculeata has characteristics of other species of palms, since it is abundant and hardened, rich in lipids, proteins and cell wall storage polysaccharides (Alang et al, 1988;Aguiar and Mendonça, 2003;DeMason et al, 1983;DeMason, 1988;Panza et al, 2004). These lipids found in palm seeds are insaturated lipids used in biodiesel process and the levels of such lipids could be genetically improved in breeding programmes selecting elite plants by somatic embryogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are inconspicuous. Therefore, three layers were differentiated in endosperm cell walls of some palms, as in Phoenix dactylifera (DeMason et al, 1983), Washingtonia filifera (DeMason, 1986) and Euterpe edulis (Panza et al, 2004). These layers, the middle lamella and the outer and inner walls, are also present in the endosperm cell walls of A. aculeata.…”

Section: μM) Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy, histochemistry and ultrastructure of seed and somatic embryo of Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae)

Moura¹,

Ventrella²,

Motoike³

2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.) is a tropical species with multiple uses, including oil supply for biodiesel production. However, structural and physiological studies of the seed are still scarce, as well as in vitro propagation techniques. The aim of this study was to characterize the anatomy, histochemistry and ultrastructure of the seed and the in vitro somatic embryo of A. aculeata, gaining insight into relationships between the post-harvest seed behavior and the somatic embryo conversion to plant. The zygotic embryo and the endosperm show high quantities of protein and lipids, stored in protein and lipid bodies, respectively. The cell wall storage polysaccharides occur in the thickened cell wall of the endosperm. The absence of vacuoles and the few organelles, except for the storage ones, indicate low metabolic state of the zygotic embryo, which suggests a orthodox behavior of the seed at maturity. The somatic embryo shows a shoot meristem with few leaf primordia, vacuolated cells and, occasionally, amyloplasts , but not lipid or protein reserves. These characteristics, common in somatic embryogenesis, could be associated with the maturation phase, and, consequently, with the low conversion of these embryos into plants. Key words: macaw palm, zygotic embryo, endosperm, storage reserves Anatomia, histoquímica e ultra-estrutura da semente e do embrião somático de Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae)RESUMO: A macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.) é uma espécie tropical com múltiplos usos, incluindo a geração de óleo para a produção de biodiesel. Entretanto, estudos estruturais e fisiológicos da semente ainda são escassos, assim como as técnicas de propagação in vitro. Caracterizaram-se a anatomia, a histoquímica e ultraestrutura da semente e do embrião somático de A. aculeata obtido in vitro, visando a obter relações entre o comportamento pós-colheita da semente e a conversão em planta a partir do embrião somático. O embrião zigótico e o endosperma apresentam alta quantidade de proteínas e lipídios, estocados em corpos protéicos e lipídicos, respectivamente. Os polissacarídeos de reserva da parede celular estão presentes nas paredes celulares espessadas do endosperma. A ausência de vacúolos e as poucas organelas visualizadas, exceto as organelas de reserva, indicam baixo estado metabólico do embrião zigótico, o que sugere comportamento ortodoxo da semente madura. O embrião somático apresenta meristema apical com poucos primórdios foliares, células com vacúolos conspícuos e, ocasionalmente, amiloplastos, mas não há reservas protéicas ou lipídicas. Essas características, comuns na embriogênese somática, podem estar associadas à fase de maturação dos embriões e, consequentemente, com a baixa conversão desses embriões em plantas. Palavras-chave: macaúba, embrião zigótico, endosperma, substâncias de reserva

show abstract

Endosperm

2004

Flowering Plant Embryology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Structure, Composition and Physiological State of the Endosperm of Phoenix dactylifera L

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Enzyme activity and reserve mobilization during Macaw palm ( Acrocomia aculeata ) seed germination

Enzyme activity and reserve mobilization during Macaw palm ( Acrocomia aculeata ) seed germination

Anatomy, histochemistry and ultrastructure of seed and somatic embryo of Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae)

Endosperm

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About