Structure-dependent mechanical properties of ultrathin zinc oxide nanowires

Abstract

Mechanical properties of ultrathin zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires of about 0.7-1.1 nm width and in the unbuckled wurtzite (WZ) phase have been carried out by molecular dynamics simulation. As the width of the nanowire decreases, Young's modulus, stress-strain behavior, and yielding stress all increase. In addition, the yielding strength and Young's modulus of Type III are much lower than the other two types, because Type I and II have prominent edges on the cross-section of the nanowire. Due to the flexibility of the Zn-O bond, the phase transformation from an unbuckled WZ phase to a buckled WZ is observed under the tensile process, and this behavior is reversible. Moreover, one- and two-atom-wide chains can be observed before the ZnO nanowires rupture. These results indicate that the ultrathin nanowire possesses very high malleability.

FEM modeling of vertically integrated nanogenerators in compression and flexion modes

“…With a high sensitivity to the input pressure, the flexion mode can be used in pressure sensors, but also in mechanical energy harvesters under small forces. The compression mode has a high energy conversion efficiency which is even superior to conventional ZnO thin film based generators [7].…”

“…Thus the maximum input pressure is decided by aluminum substrate, which can sustain 700 Pa hydrostatic bending pressure. Meanwhile, through conservative estimates in the tensile test, the maximum elastic strain of a ZnO NW is 2% [7]. The transversal strain limitation can be calculated using the tensile strain, in this case, 9.8×10 -3 .…”

A Mechanically Durable and Flexible Organic Rectifying Diode with a Polyethylenimine Ethoxylated Cathode

“…The typical Young's modulus of polymer, small molecule organic semiconductors, and oxide semiconductors are ≈0.1–1 GPa, 16 GPa, and 140 GPa, respectively. A diode with oxide semiconductors, which have high electrical performance are more brittle than organics and fails at the bending radius of 6 mm . In addition, PEIE or PEI also have high degrees of flexibility, realizing mechanically durable OPVs .…”

Growth Time Effect on the Structural and Sub-Structural Properties of Chemically-Deposited ZnO Films

“…There are a number of reports devoted to the investigation of structural properties of ZnO deposited by different methods [18,19,20,21,22]. However, the structural and sub-structural characteristics of CBD-grown ZnO layers have not been thoroughly investigated.…”