“…[41,42] If the substituted metal atoms are in the second layer of the Fe 3 Cs ubstrate, the atomic size difference between the substituted metal and Fe increases strain in the bulk structure, and to relieve the strain,t he introduced metal atoms in the bulk exchange with Fe atomsa tt he surface. [41][42][43] The atomic size differenceb etween the substituted metal atom and Fe atom in the case of Cu and Zn is relatively larger than that of Ni and Co (atomicr adius = 1.26, 1.25, 1.25, 1.29, and 1.38 for Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, respectively [44] ), which leads to al argers train and driving force for Cu and Zn atoms to segregate towardt he Fe 3 Cs urfacec ompared to Ni and Co atoms.I nt he calculations, we also find that Cu and Zn have am ore positive value of DE exc than Ni and Co, whichd escribes the easier surfaces egregation of Cu and Zn toward the Fe 3 Csurface than Ni and Co atoms.…”