The genus Nigella with some 20 species belongs to Ranunculaceae. These are distributed from the southern area of Europa to the northern Africa, the southwestern Asia, and the Central Asia. Nigella damascena L. (Japanese name, kurotanesou) is cultivated as a garden plant. From its seeds, alkaloid, 1) sesquiterpenes, 2) and phenolic compounds 3) were isolated. A survey of the literature showed no chemical work being done on the aerial parts of N. damascena. As part of our continuing investigation on the chemical constituents in the Ranunculaceous plants, [4][5][6] this paper deals with structural elucidation of four new triterpene glycosides, named nigellosides A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4).
Results and DiscussionThe methanolic extract of the air-dried aerial parts of N. damascena was partitioned into a chloroform-water solvent system. The water-soluble portion was separated by MCI gel CHP20P, octadecyl silica gel (ODS), and silica gel column chromatographies, and finally HPLC to give nigellosides A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4) together with eight triterpene gly-14)The molecular formula of nigelloside A (1) 7, 101.4, 102.0, and 105.3. A detailed analysis of these spectral data indicated that 1 was the 3,28-bisdesmoside of gypsogenin, 15) having four monosaccharide units. The configuration of the hydroxyl group at C-3, bearing a saccharide moiety, was determined to be b from the coupling constants of the proton (dd, Jϭ4.6, 11.5 Hz, H-3). Hydrolysis of 1 afforded L-arabinose, D-glucose, and L-rhamnose, the structure of which was confirmed by the 1 H-NMR coupling pattern and optical rotation using chiral detection in the HPLC analysis, together with gypsogenin. The NMR data could be assigned with the aid of 1 H-1 H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), 1 H-detected heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond connection (HMBC) experiments. The anomeric centers of the arabinose and glucose moieties were determined to be a-and b-configurations, respectively, from each 3 J H1-H2 value. The anomeric configuration of rhamnose could not be deduced from the 3 J H1-H2 value. However, the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University; Japan: b Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Kyoritsu University;[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Japan: c Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University; 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan: and d Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University; 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan. Received November 15, 2006; accepted December 22, 2006;