The results of NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies are critically discussed with respect to the structure of hydantoins, their tautomerism, and their acidity. The imide NH proton of the preferred, nearly planar 2,4-imidazolidine-dione tautomer proved to be more acidic than the corresponding amide NH proton. Phenyl substituents at the ring nitrogen atoms and at C-5 are twisted from the plane of the hydantoin ring; in case of ortho substituents restricted rotation about the N-aryl bond was found and the barrier to rotation determined by dynamic NMR spectroscopy.For 5-benzyl substituents, a folded conformation of the two rings, due to intramolecular interactions, was found and for 5-exo-methylene substituted hydantoins the relevant E/Z isomerism at the exo-cyclic C, C double bond was studied. In addition, the IH and 13C chemical shifts of the hydantoins proved to excellently indicate the electronic distribution along the hydantoin ring moiety. Finally, the mass spectrometric fragmentation of the hydantoins is critically discussed.